Tài liệu Cpe exam essentials with key (link tải file nghe ở trang cuối)

., . . 1 PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. PAPER 4 listening .¥ PAPER 5 Speaking sse tia tips ~ Read each text quickly to understand its general meaning before you attempt the task. ~ The gapped word or phrase may be part of a fixed expression, collocation or phrasal verb, or it may be a discourse marker which affects the meaning of the text as a whole. ~ Check the words before and after the gap carefully to decide what type of word you are looking for. ~ Once you have finished the task, read the whole text again to check that your choices make sense in the text as a whole. In ancient times the egg was a symbol of life, birth and fertility, and it featured prominently in several creation myths, representing the (1) beginnings of time and the birth of the universe. It was also believed that the egg had magical powers: it could (2) off storms, illnesses and the evil eye. In many societies decorated eggs were at the centre of rituals and ceremonies that (3) with the spring - a time of new life and growth after the long hard winter. Today eggs continue to be important in many cultural and religious events - such as Easter - and shell decoration is an effective (4) for demonstrating artistic skills. The symmetrical form of the egg - often (5) one of the most aesthetically pleasing shapes in nature - (6) itself to a great variety of decorative techniques: it can be dyed, painted and embellished and precious jewels. 1 A total 2 A ward 3 4 5 6 A A A A occurred method regarded helps B B B B B B complete put happened means considered lends with leaves and flowers, and even gold, silver C C C C C C absolute fend resulted vehicle viewed offers D D D D D D very send coincided drive seen provides Question 2: Which of the options forms a phrasal verb with 'off', meaning 'do something to protect yourself from'? Question 3: The preposition after the gap is regularly used with one of the options. Question 4: The sentence talks about the activity of decorating egg shells and how this can demonstrate artistic talent. Which option can be used to describe how something is conveyed? Question 6: One of the options is often used with a reflexive pronoun and the preposition 'to' to mean 'be suitable for being used in a particular way'. Question 7: One of the options often collocates with 'collections' that are on display in museums and art galleries. Question 9: The correct option is often used to express that someone or something possesses something impressive. Question 12: The correct option must mean 'open a building officially for the first time'. The Burlington Museum was recently re-opened after an extensive development programme that aims to make the collections (7) there more appealing to a wider public. The Museum's fine collections can now be seen in more inspiring (8) , and exhibitions include a wide range of innovative displays which allow visitors to make use of the latest interactive information technology. The Museum also (9) an excellent new education centre and art room, as well as a gift shop. Finally, ramps and wider doorways offer improved (10) for the disabled and people with limited mobility. The Museum worked closely with community groups to achieve its goals. One of the (11) of this collaboration is a Buddhist shrine created with the assistance and advice of the local Buddhist community. A priest (12) this significant exhibition and more than two hundred people of different faiths attended the event. A A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 7 8 set backgrounds boasts entrance effects installed B B B B B B placed contexts prides access outputs presided C C C C C C housed frameworks scores admission fruits commenced D D D D D D homed circumstances acquires admittance benefits inaugurated Question 14: The correct option must mean 'unexpected'. Question 15: There is a 'trap' , here, so think carefully about the structure of the sentence and the meaning intended! Question 17: The correct option must mean 'lift something heavy'. Peter's plane was due to leave at 8.40 am. My father, having little (13) in my brgther's ability to get himself to the airport on time, had offered to drive him there. A punotual man himself by nature, he detested the thought of any (14) delays, and so roused Peter as early as he dared. (15) ,they arrived at the airport well in advance of the recommended two hours prior to departure. They made their way over to the check-in desk, where a queue was only just starting to (16) up. When his turn came, Peter handed over his passport and ticket and (17) his bags onto the conveyor belt. The check-in attendant frowned. 'I'm sorry, sir, but you aren't on the passenger list,' she said. Then she took a closer look at his ticket and her eyes widened in surprise. 'Now I see the problem. You're booked on tomorrow's fli-9~t! You've come a day too early!' She turned to my father, who was temporarily (18) . for words, and asked, 'Does he do this often?' 13 A credit 14 15 16 17 18 A A A A A improper Subsequently build settled stunned B faith B unfounded B Duly B gather B hoisted B shocked C C C C C C belief groundless Consequently collect elevated lost 0 0 0 0 0 0 assurance untoward Finally grow handed struck CPE TEST PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with the sense of touch. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. PAPER4 listening PAPER 5 Speaking E sential lips In touch with machines ~ This part of the exam tests your understanding of the whole short text or text organisation, and some questions may also focus on the details in sections of the text. Engineers are finally beginning to recognise the value of the human touch with regard to the operation of mechanical devices. Until recently, the makers of automated machinery seemed bent on rendering operators redundant by reducing their involvement with the machine to the touch of ~ Readeach text quickly to understand its general meaning before you attempt the questions. a button. This theoretically made the user's job easier, but in practice, they felt they had no connection with the machine or how it functioned. The relatively new field of haptics is changing all that. It focuses on ~ Readthe questions carefully and decide which part of the text they refer to. ensuring that an operator can 'feel' what a machine is doing. Haptic principles, which have been applied very successfully to cars and aircraft, ~ Look at key words in the questions and see how they relate to the relevant part of the text. The text will probably express ideas using different words from those that appear in the questions and options. are now being applied to earth-moving equipment with excellent results. By programming haptic feedback into the electronic control system, engineers are helping operators to enhance their understanding of how a machine is responding to a particular terrain through feel, and by doing so, achieve optimum performance. It is also hoped that operators will be able ~ Checkthat the option which answers the question or completes the question stem conveys the same meaning as that expressed in the text. to anticipate possible hazards in the ground, such as hidden water or gas pipes, by means of haptic warning sensations transmitted through the controls and so take evasive action. Question 19: What did the manufacturers do before that is now changing? Question 20: Readthe second paragraph and think carefully about how haptic feedback helps the machine operator. Which option describes this most successfully? 19 The writer says that until recently, the manufacturers of automated A intended to make the users of machines redundant. machinery B felt no connection with the machine they were operating. C largely ignored the human need for physical contact with a machine. D used haptic principles to develop machinery. 20 Haptic feedback A reduces the operator's understanding of how his or her machine operates. B enables the operator to manoeuvre machinery over the ground. C makes the operator's job less complex. D makes the operator more aware of how his or her machine is performing. fia f· Chiropractic Question 21: Readthe question stem and answer options. Here, you are being asked in what way :; iropractors treat patients. Find" - e part of the text which c swers this question. Which otion expresses the same idea in other words? - - - - - - - - .•.-......-- ,. -------Are you suffering from back pain or inexplicable headaches? Any strained muscles from playing sport or perhaps whiplash from a recent accident? Then what you may need is to visit your local chiropractor. estion 22: Read the question =:-Bmcarefully. Note that the . er implies that a person who 'shes to visit a chiropractor ::~ould do something; however, -'" does not give this advice =mlicitly. Chiropractors diagnose and then treat problems musculoskeletal nature by making specific adjustments of the body - the spine in particular function of a neuroto the joints - in order to improve the of the nervous system, and thereby enable the body's natural healing processes to do their work. No drugs or surgery, just gentle manipulation Chiropractic is a primary for a doctor's regulations, at the hands of a trained specialist! health-care profession, referral. Registered chiropractors negating the need are subject to rigorous and high standards of practice are maintained. Patients enthuse about the wonderful feeling of release they experience after treatment, movement becomes. So why not give it a try? Chiropractic and how much easier and more supple may change your life! 21 22 Chiropractors treat patients A by employing gentle massage techniques. B by altering the alignment of bones in the body. C by adjusting the position of nerves and muscles in the body. D by manipulating the nervous system. Before visiting a chiropractor, the writer implies you should A visit a doctor who can diagnose your problem. B obtain a referral from your doctor. C stop taking any medication. D ensure they are a member of a recognised chiropractic organisation. Question 23: Look for a word or phrase in the text that means 'realise' and what the writer say~ after this. Which option expresses the same idea in other words? Also, think about the words in the options. For example, if you 'conform' to something, what does that mean? Question 24: Think about the overall meaning of what the writer says in the second paragraph. What does 'abstract images from forms' mean? What do artists try to do and how do they do it? How might the sense of touch help them to do this? Art and Visual Impairment Ks a student artist with a minor visual impairment I had spent years trying to keep up with my peers, struggling to master the principles of colour, form and perspective, until it dawned on me one day that perhaps the skills I was attempting to develop need not necessarily be visual. I started to re-examine the way in which I worked and realised that I could change my perspective, so to speak. I started to devise a tactile approach to recording the world that would complement the way I experienced it - rather than merely trying to reproduce it. Touch is far more meaningful to the visually impaired - blind people in particular - than it is for the majority of people. It can offer an alternative means of observation that increases one's sense of perception and it provides a unique, non-visual way for artists to abstract images from forms. Visual artists are taught to understand light. I have been learning to understand space and distance, volume and dimension, form and substance, and to work with materials that occasionally dwarf me. 23 What did the artist realise about herself? A She had been trying to conform to established ideas about art. B She needed to improve her visual skills. C She wasn't as talented as the other students in her class. D She could improve her sight by changing the way she worked. 24 How can touch be used in art? A It can improve one's powers of observation. B It facilitates the power of sight. C It enables artists to create without needing to see. D It helps visual artists to experience large objects. Question 25: Readthe question stem carefully. You need to find the 'main' reason, which implies ¥ there may be other reasons too :.. just less important ones! Question 26: Be careful not to read too much between the lines. You may think that a text implies something, but what does it actually say? Which of the options is stated explicitly in the text? In touch with the child Touch is the first sense to develop in the embryo. Only a few weeks after conception a primitive nervous system linking skin cells to a rudimentary brain has already developed. Throughout the gestation period the foetus's tactile system develops and it will remain a potent form of communication throughout the course of a person's life. Essentially, touch aids psychological, intellectual and physical development while its absence can cause undeniable harm. Touch is a child's first language. Long before he can see, smell, taste or hear, he experiences others and himself through touch, the only reciprocal sense. In our consumer based society, we misguidedly try to meet the sensory needs of the newborn by providing artificial stimulation and security, so that we can keep ourselves 'at a distance. We put our children down to sleep in cots, monitoring their breathing with alarms while we sleep in the next room. Instead of holding them close to our bodies, we push them around at arms' length in prams. We suspend them in baby bouncers in an attempt to reproduce the experience of being jogged around in human arms. But babies need their mothers, not machines and contraptions. No invention can substitute for the direct physical contact that forms the basis of the mother and child bond. 25 The main reason why touch is important A B C D it it it it is because is the first sense to develop. facilitates healthy development. improves our communication skills. teaches us how to reciprocate. 26 What is the writer's main point in the second paragraph? A B C D Children should never be left to sleep alone. Most people fail to provide the right kind of security for their children. Man-made objects cannot replace nature in providing tactile stimulation. People should take a more active part in bringing up their children. PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English You are going to read an article about palaeoanthropology. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking If these bones could talk ... To a palaeoanthropologist, the past is an open book, but one that fails to tell the whole story. The covers are missing. The first chapters may never be found. There are hardly any pages, and most are so smeared and crumpled, so foxed and faded, that the text could mean almost anything. The cast of characters is confusing and narrative thread anybody's guess. Is it a detective story, a clifThanger, or a romance? Can there be a happy ending? CEJ _ Homo floresiensis was the mysterious survivor unearthed from a cave on the island of Flores in Indonesia: a pygmy descendant, perhaps, of Homo erectus, perhaps even connected to an earlier human species, but with this special feature: the bones were only 18,000 years old. So Homo sapiens, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalis and Homo floresiensis must have all shared the planet at the same time, tantalisingly recently: within the last 100,000 years perhaps. Now only Homo sapiens survives. Q!J_----------Stringer, 57, is head of human origins at the Natural History Museum in London. One of palaeoanthropology's big players, he has spent his career in pursuit of Homo neanderthalis and is also one of the great proselytisers of the Out-of-Africa theory, the one that says the human story begins on just one continent. Homo floresiensis, however, astonished him. ~-----------'Nature is constantly experimenting. I think a lot of people thought that humans were somehow different; that we had this all embracing culture and this unifying adaptation, which meant that human evolution progressed in a somewhat different way, because of our technology and the way we probably vainly think we are partly controlling the world now. So people project backwards and think that humans are somehow special. The evidence shows us that our evolution was as complex and as undirected, I suppose, as that of any other species we have studied.' ~-----------Modern humans probably popped up within the last 200,000 years, but the things that make modern humans so distinctive in the fossil record - symbolic art, pottery and jewellery - bloomed only about 50,000 years ago. Nobody in the world of palaeoanthropology considers modern humanity to be the flower of creation, either. A temporary bloom, maybe. QIJ_----------Genetic evidence suggests humans may have come close to extinction a number of times in the past. Modern humans shared the Middle East with Homo neanderthalis 120,000 years ago, and as Cro-Magnons became the sole tenants of Europe 30,000 years ago, a terrain held successfully by the Neanderthals for more than 100,000 years. Did they compete? Did they co-exist? Did they trade, or cohabit? [E]~ _ 'I still tend to the view that the primary message would have been: different. They would have had a different body language, a completely different way of communication; they would have had different behaviours.' @]-----------He and his co-author Peter Andrews - a former head of human origins at the Natural History Museum, and an expert on the early part of the human story - tried to tell the story of human evolution not just through time, but through its context, Stringer says: how you set about excavating a site, what a piece of tooth or jaw can tell you about ancient human behaviour. In that, the title of the book means what it says: complete. A It's humbling, Stringer says.'We shouldn't see ourselves as the summit of the pel{ection of whatever evolution is trying to achieve. We seem to be very successful at the moment in terms of our numbers but, looking at it on a geological timescale, how ~uccessful will we look in 50,000 years, which is a very short time, geologically speaking?' E These B 'Neanderthals were certainly human and evolved as us in their own way, but they were different. They had several hundred thousand years of evolving their own anatomy and behaviour. But when these people met in Europe would they have seen each other as people? Or as someone different?' he says. F There is a story-so-far, but that potted version of events is forever being revised, and nobody knows that better than Chris Stringer, one of the authors of a book published today called The Complete World of Human Evolution. Complete? Stringer spent eight years on the text. Then, late last year, he had to sit down in one night and compose an entirely new chapter to incorporate the discovery of Homo floresiensis, also known as the Hobbit. C What stories could these bones tell? And who could have dreamed, before their discovery that some tree-climbing, pygmy-elephant-hunting human candidate could have survived on a tropical island while Homo sapiens moved into the Fertile Crescent, preparing to invent agriculture, civilisation and global terrorism? D He thinks the Neanderthals perished at a moment of maximum stress in the stop-go, hot-cold pattern of climate during the last ice age. Though they left their mark in the Pyrenees, they never got to Britain at all. But then the human occupation of Britain itself is a bit of a riddle. There is evidence of it, most of it indirect, of little pulses of human occupation, and then a gap of 100,000 years when no humans appeared to have visited Britain at all. Modern humans finally moved in and stayed only 12,000 years ago. people were capable of making tools and butchering large beasts like rhinos. They may not have killed these beasts themselves - they were, after all, dangerous animals - but even if they were just scavenging, it must have taken some degree of cooperation and organisation to have driven off the lions or wolves, and secured the carcass for themselves. G Here is the orthodm,'Y, pieced together over a century or more by Darwin's disciples: primate creatures with a capacity for walking upright emerged perhaps twenty million years ago. From these emerged the ancestors of all gorillas, all chimpanzees and all humans. There is no line of evolution: think, instead, of foliage, and the surviving humans and two species of chimpanzees are just nearby buds at the ends of twigs dose together on the tree oflife. H 'Until that turned up, we had no idea that ancient humans had ever reached as far as Flores. We certainly had no idea that there was a completely new kind of human - or is it even human? That is still being argued about - living there, and the fact that it was still around there when modern people passed through the region. Each of those is astonishing and that shows how little we knew about human evolution in that part of the world. We are building up the pieces of a huge, complex jigsaw, and we still have a lot of spaces to fill in,' he says. ~ This part of the exam tests your understanding of how a text is organised and, in particular, how paragraphs relate to each other. ~ Underline time references and notice any changes in tense within a text. The writer may be comparing a past situation with the present. ~ Read the main text through first to get an idea of what it is about and how the writer develops his or her subject matter. ~ When you have finished the task, read through completed text to make sure it makes sense. ~ Read the paragraphs before and after each gap carefully to see how they are connected. ~ Underline the names of people, organisations or places. Also, underline reference words such as 'this', 'it', 'there', etc. They will help you see connections between sentences and paragraphs. ~ Read paragraphs A-H and do the same, noting how each may be linked to the subject matter of the main article. the Question 30: Compare the paragraph before the gap with that which comes after it. Notice that in the paragraph after the gap, the writer makes use of a metaphor. Look for an option which employs a similar use of language. Question 32: In the paragraph before the gap, Homo neanderthalis is mentioned and questions are asked. Look for an option which addresses these questions in some way. You are going to read an extract from a short story. For questions 34-40, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. PAPER3 Use of English PAPER4 Listening PAPER5 Speaking 'Time to go, Joe: Officer Dicks stands in the now open doorway to freedom. I hesitate and contemplate this fact with some trepidation, oscillating between a feeling of excitement and one of utter dread. I suddenly feel as if I am standing at the top of a precipice, parachute attached and ready to jump, but tortured by the overwhelming fear that when I jump the chute won't open. After dreaming of this moment for years, endlessly counting off the days, over and over - ever since I came here, in fact - I am now gripped with a sense of terror at the thought that the time has actually arrived. Bill, my soon-to-be erstwhile neighbour, notices my sudden reluctance and smiles, nodding sagely. 'Hard, isn't it?' he says. 'You spend all your time waiting for your release only to find that when it comes down to it, you don't want to go. Much as you hate to admit it, this dump has become your home, and the lads, even the warden, bless him, welt they've become family: A sarcastic quip in response to this last remark dies in my throat. It strikes me that this motley bunch of miscreants with whom I have co-existed for the last five years have indeed come to mean something to me, and that in spite of myself I will miss them. Like a worn-out old coat that you can't throwaway, we have moulded together, an unlikely yet close-knit group, not particularly fond of each other, perhaps, but comfortable in the familiarity of each other's presence. Bill, with his weather-beaten, pock-marked face and his infuriating habit of whistling the same tune over and over again has become like a brother to me. He may irritate me to screaming point several times a day, and no doubt if you were to ask him about me, the feeling would be mutual, but we have grown used to sharing a fag and talking about nothing in particular. It suddenly dawns on me that he understands me in a way nobody else ever has and I never have to pretend to be something I am not with him. He just seems to know what is going on in my head and doesn't question it, but rather accepts it philosophically. I realise there is something comforting about waking up every morning to the sounds of Bill moving around his domain next door. Sighing, I take a last look around the walls of my cell. Not much to look at because I never really bothered to decorate it, my mind determinedly focused on the temporary nature of my stay. Even so, it is amazing how we unwittingly leave traces of ourselves wherever we go, stamping our self on everything we touch. There is the rubber mark on the wall above my bed, made by my throwing a small ball at it every day, an activity which grated on Bill's nerves but which helped me calm my own. Then the wall against which my bunk stands is spattered with writing: the lyrics of songs and the lines of poems that I have struggled not to forget. Wherever I look, I see things that are familiar. They define me in some way and give me my identity by which others recognise me. Out there the unknown waits to engulf me, and the loneliness of being marginalised by society; I will be branded by the fact that I have done time - just another bad apple. It occurs to me that we convicts spend all our time cooped up and trapped, longing for the moment we will be free again, not realising that there is a perverse freedom to being inside: a freedom from all forms of responsibility. Your accommodation, food, clothing and essentials are all provided free of charge. There is no need to work and you can spend all day reading or just doing nothing if you want to. Such luxuries are hard to come by on the outside because out there you are' forced to fend for yourself and perhaps for others in an unforgiving society, and it's tough. Out there, you must face life. Here, you can turn your back on it, and that seems cosy and appealing to me right now. Reaching the door, my threshold to freedom, I look over at Bill and say wryly: 'I1l be back before you know it: I I,· r " !lmp"""J' ssentia tips 34 In the first paragraph, how does the writer allude to his situation? A He has mixed feelings about it. B He is afraid of heights. C He thinks there may be disastrous consequences. D He regrets wasting so much time. 35 How did the writer react to Bill's comment? A He couldn't think of anything clever to say. B He realised that Bill would miss him. C He suddenly saw the warden as a member of his family. D He thought Bill had made a good point. ~ This part of the exam tests your detailed understanding of a text, including the views an;J attitudes expressed. . ~ Readthe whole text quickly for its general meaning - the gist. ~ The questions follow the order of the text, although the last question may refer to the text as a whole or ask about the intention or opinion of the writer. ~ Readeach question or question stem and try to identify the part of the text which it relates to. Then read the relevant part of the text carefully and think of the meaning of what you are reading. Look for the option that expresses this meaning, probably in other words. ~ Be careful: some options may state facts that are true in themselves but which do not answer the question or complete the question stem correctly; others may include words used in the text, but this does not necessarily mean that the meaning is correct; yet others may be only partly true. 36 The writer and Bill A have nothing much in common. B dislike each other. C find solace in each other's company. D have developed some peculiar habits. 37 The writer finds it surprising A B C D he he he he that didn't decorate his cell after all these years. has left evidence of his personality in the cell. has spoiled the wall near his bed. has forgotten the words to some songs. 38 ~ Checkthat the option you have chosen is correct by trying to find out why the other options are incorrect. How does the writer feel about leaving prison? A He is aware that there will be nothing familiar around him. B He is worried that people won't recognise him any more. C He is afraid that he will be ostracised as an ex-convict. D He is concerned about leaving his old friends behind. 39 Question 34: An option may be a 'rue statement in itself, but this does not necessarily mean it answers the question correctly. Nhat does the writer actually tell liS about his feelings in this oaragraph? In the penultimate paragraph, what does the writer imply is ironic? A that prison offers certain liberties B that free people have many responsibilities C that luxuries are rare in the outside world D that prison life is more comfortable than life outside 40 Overall, the writer implies that leaving prison Question 38: If you do not know - e meaning of the words in the options, guess. For example, if ou do not know what 'ostracised' eans,imagine how someone o has done time in prison ight be treated by the rest of A is an event that is long overdue. B is a reason for celebrating. C is not as joyful as he thought it would be. D is only a temporary situation. society. estion 39: Make sure you ~ow what 'ironic' means. Irony ...anbe difficult to detect in a text _ d you must be alert to the . er's intentions. Question 40: This question refers to the whole of the text. Some of the options may be mentioned somewhere in the text and so appearto be correct, but this does not mean that they expresswhat the writer is implying overall. You must answer appropriate this question. Write your answer 300-350 in words in an style. PAPER 3 Use of English PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking ·1 You have read the extract technology send in their to the points has affected opinions. raised ~ In Paper 2 you must answer two questions in two hours, so timing is important. as part of a newspaper You decide and expressing people. article Readers to write a letter your own views. ~ Part 1 tests your ability to process information given to you through instructions as well as written or visual prompts in order to produce a piece of writing that makes use of this information in an appropriate style. ~ Read the instructions carefully and underline the key words that tell you what you have to do. Then read the written prompt, which may be an extract from a letter, article, etc. and underline the relevant information. If there is a visual prompt as well, make sure you understand what information it is conveying. You must make use of all the information in your writing. 1 ~ Here, you have been asked to write a letter to a newspaper, so think about the registerhow formal or informal should it be? ~ Analyse the points in the written prompt. How far do you agree or disagree with each point? Do you agree? Do you disagree? Or do you agree with some points to a certain extent but disagree with others? ~ Plan your writing so that your own points are clearly organised and lead towards a strong conclusion. Finish your letter with a strong, clear point or by saying what you hope the outcome will be. ~ Make sure you use a good selection of linking words and phrases in your writing. ~ Think about appropriate language and expressions about which can lend weight to each of your points. Use examples wherever possible in order to underline your message. ~ Make sure the examiner can read your writing. When you have finished, check your spelling and punctuation. ~ See the Writing bank on page 142 for examples of different types of writing. the way have been asked to to the newspaper The infiltration of technology in our lives is having a negative effect on our children. Wherever we turn, we see young people clutching mobile telephones, sitting at cyber cafes, or engrossed in some computer game. They no longer seem to be interested in their own culture and are losing their individuality. They engage less in wholesome physical activities, spend more time indoors, have fewer social pastimes - even their academic performance seems to be suffering. Are we to sit back and do nothing as the next generation turn into walking techno-zombies? ~ The question in Part 1 is compulsory. You may be asked to write an article, an essay, a letter or a proposal. All of these will be written for a particular purpose and target reader. Make sure you are familiar with all four text types that may occur in Part 1. Question below the lives of young responding Write words 2-4 to one of the questions an answer 300-350 in an appropriate in this part. Write your answer in style. PAPER 3 Use of English PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking -2 The local council wasteland town. They visitors. authority measuring hope to make full They hypermarket, ~ Choose a question you think you will be able to answer satisfactorily. Read each question carefully. Are you ami liar with the features of the ext type? Do you know enough appropriate vocabulary to write on the topic in the question? ake sure you understand hat you have to do by _nderlining the key points in - e question and then plan .our answer around these, ing down suitable words " d phrases you may want to _se in your writing. ::: ,yourself into the 'context' :;= the task, and consider your -='get reader. Then write your -: . in a register and style ,,:;propriate for the particular -=-x:. :-eck your text for relevance, -: -ety of language and racy. 'on 3 ---nk about the question __Jirements. Who are your -=~et readers? You should not _-: -00 formal since you are -ng for fellow students, but ::.3C:ni-formal register would "ppropriate. --= invited review meet and say what students' 4 The restaurant about the poor quality standard a review you think for your to send Question 4 ~ Reports tend to be written according to a set plan. This includes: and So far, there a sports magazine course. level and content complex, a comparing Write two your and whether the quality a number they of complaints at one of its restaurants. and submit of staff a report, service, for improvements. ~ Consider the topic carefully. Your report should be addressed to a particular person in authority, and needs to be formal in style. So think of suitable language you can use. of the locals reserve. college for has received and food the complaints of food, ~ Organise your points into paragraphs before writing. of both in proposals. this year on your of the books' of service ~ Underline the key points in the question and make notes. This question asks you to compare two textbooks, so decide whether you want to praise them, criticise them or praise some aspects and criticise others. Consider contrasting the two books. an area of neglected on the outskirts and requirements. that you work been asked to investigate the present metres or a nature have been studying expectations chain the public complex 3 You have been asked to write you to develop that the area be used for parkland, an entertainment of the textbooks decided 5,000 square use of the area for the benefit have therefore have been suggestions ~ There are four questions to choose from in Part 2. Question 5 relates to the set books (works of literature) which you might have studied and prepared. For questions 2-4 you will be required to write one of the following text types: an article, a letter, a proposal. a report or a review. If you have studied one of the set books and want to answer question 5, you can expect to write one of the following text types: an article, an essay, a letter, a report or a review. Make sure you have had practice writing all text types. has recently approximately • an introduction, in which you explain your purpose for writing your report and the matters you have investigated. • the main body (usually two or more paragraphs). in which you discuss the current situation. In this case, one paragraph could describe the present standard of food, citing some complaints that have been made about it, as well as your own observations. Another paragraph could describe the present quality of service in a similar way. • a conclusion, in which you make recommendations for improving the situation. ~ Carefully planned, a report is relatively straightforward. You have commenting and making on suggestions PAPER 1 Reading For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each PAPER 2 writing space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning PAPER4 Listening Part 2 Part PAPER 5 Speaking (0). 3 Part 4 Part 5 ~ Readthe whole text for gist before you attempt the task. It is important to notice if negative ideas are expressed, or where there is antithesis or contrast. ~ Think about thl:!type of word that is missing. Most gapped words form part of the grammatical structure of a sentence, but some may form part of a phrasal verb or a fixed phrase. ~ Checkthe words before and after the gap carefully, Remember,the gapped word must fit into the meaning of the text as a whole. Sometimes a gapped word will affect the development of the text, so be careful. ~ When the gapped word is a quantifier, think about whether it is positive or negative. When it is a connector, does it introduce a supporting point or a contrasting one? ~ Once you have completed the task, read through the text again to make sure it makes sense. Checkyour spelling: marks are not awarded for misspelt words. Question 2: Think of an expression with 'to' which means 'as a result of'. For centuries world's Egyptian greatest hieroglyphics linguistic until they were finally deciphered the discovery In the year 1799 some French working Rosetta Stone (7) are, be found hieroglyphics Many are followed is Ancient scholars became and a fact, three of black involved but it was (12) (4) . scripts language carved form of Ancient buildings on in Egyptians. Coptic and Egypt, Egyptian (10) which The script. The alerted the task of deciphering until 1822 that there was a major Jean Francois Champollion traced making their decipherment Question 12: Which word goes with 'until' to express that it was 'only' in 1822that scholars came close to finding a solution? The used of the discovery. (11) there it. and that was familiar He was able to (14) from Greek, and monuments. (9) it was and of writing Greek and Coptic, the language of the Christian of the Ancient basalt of Rosetta. One Egyptian a pictorial with descendants out the Demotic a path back possible. Question 4: Which particle follows 'stumble' to form a phrasal verb meaning 'find or discover by chance'? Question 8: Look at the grammatical structure immediately after the gap. What type of word are you looking for? slab languages, it, to the importance The 'French linguist, (15) in by Demotic, breakthrough. (13) in two the Greek, who recognised found on many Egyptian hieroglyphics, signs to near the small town is hieroglyphics, transcribe (8) Bouchard, century, (2) realised they had stumbled has inscriptions script script baffled and handed it over to scholars. there (6) soldiers on a fortress of great significance (5) third of the scholars in the nineteenth officer, Pierre Francois Bouchard, The (0) They (1) of the Rosetta Stone. (3) a finding represented challenges. Question 15: Which word conveys the idea of 'in this way'? Sometimes more than one word can complete a gap correctly. to hieroglyphics, PAPER 1 Reading For questions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). PAPER2 Writing PAPER4 Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Part 3 PAPER5 Speaking Part 4 Part 5 ~ Read the whole text for gist before you attempt the task. ~ Look at each gap carefully and decide what part of speech is missing - noun, verb, adjective,or adverb. There are (0) myths (16) ~ Look at the context to decide whether the gapped word should have a positive or negative meaning. ~ If the gapped word is a noun, should it be singular or plural? If it is a verb, what tense or form should it be? ~ Check if the gapped word is an adjective or an adverb. creatures of the night: that they are blind wander into their lair, they panic and flap around wildly. (18) hair. in your surprised have bump makes it virtually into you, let alone get caught (19) (20) rabies and you would Few of them carry role in the environment. of bat species important assisting feed almost farmers with and pollen and , while many seventy on pest control. and so aid in seed (23) But they plants depend are on fruit others feed on on them for . adjective, So beari~ Question 17: Is the gapped word a noun, verb, adjective or adverb? Should it have a positive or negative meaning? amazing animals they really are? -egative? About (22) in other ways, too. Some species feed primarily (24) Question 25: Has public opinion ::>' bats so far been positive or for them to be more likely to contract the disease from Bats play an important all this in mind, isn't it time we stopped bats with ,(25) SUSPECT hair. Another dog or cat. percent nectar impossible up in your view of b~ts is that they are dirty; in reality, an (21) ENIGMA be Their insects, thus -egative? therefore, mammals ~ Once you have completed the task, read through the text again to make sure it makes sense. Check your spelling: marks are not awarded for misspelt words. Question 21: A vaccine is a substance given to people or 3nimals to protect them against isease. Is the meaning of the • ord you need here positive or may, to. learn that in fact, these wonderful talent for echolocation VARIETY They may even become You good eyesight and depend on sonar for nocturnal navigation. ~ You may need to add one or more prefixes and/or suffixes to the word in capitals, and you may also need to make internal changes. Also, look out for compound words. Be prepared to experiment! Question 19: Notice the antithesis in the sentence. bats, those and carry rabies, and if you (17) they groom themselves Question 16: Here, you need an Think carefully how :his is formed. surrounding speaking and started to see them of as the GUIDE DAY PAPER 1 Reading PAPER2 Writing PAPER4 Listening For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately three sentences. Here is an example (0). Example: o PAPER 5 Speaking ~ Make sure you read all three sentences in a set. A word may make sense in one or two of the sentences, but it is not correct unless it makes sense in all three! 26 ~ The gapped word must be the same part of speech and have the same form in each sentence in a set. ~ The gapped word may have an unusual or unfamiliar usage, or form part of an expression or phrasal verb. 27 Question 26: Read the second 'sentence; it will help if you know what a symphony is and who Brahms and Schumann were. Question 28: You should be able to guess the gapped word by reading the first sentence, but if you can't, the adjective in the second sentence has the meaning of 'strong and able to deal with difficult situations'. Question 30: The gapped word has a similar meaning in the second and third sentences: 'make longer in time or distance'. In the first sentence the word is part of an expression. in all 28 29 30 '/ 31 • We are setting off at first • She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the • Before the interview himself. • Did Schumann • Try to • My grandmother handedly. • Before ending the meeting, the Managing to any objections. • They will • The steak was so • Gerald thinks he looks studs. • Why don't more women • Does your car • We are going to paper. • I would like to for being with 'us tonight. • They are planning to • They originally decided to • They died in the war. Brian took a deep breath and tried to this symphony, your thoughts She through . or was it Brahms? before you start on the essay. managed to five children single- Director asked if anyone wanted the flag while we sing the national anthem. that you couldn't cut it, let alone chew it! in that black leather jacket with the for public office? on unleaded petrol or diesel? a series of advertisements in the local a warm welcome to you all and thank you the road by twenty kilometres., intended to spend ten days in Egypt but now they've their visit. • The doctor • ,so please go to bed early. all the difficult the monument to the memory his life to finding of the soldiers who a cure for this fatal disease. the song to her husband, who had helped her times. PAPER 1 Readrng PAPER2 Writing PAPER 4 Listening PAPER 5 Speaking For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: o He struggled to open the door. difficulty ~ Read both sentences carefully. The gapped sentence must express all the information contained in the prompt sentence, but in different words. o He 32 There is no way I'm letting you go to that party! ~ You must use the key word to complete the gapped sentence, but you must not change its form in any way. the door. had difficulty in opening 1=0= I allowing Under to that party! ~ The key word may be part of an expression. ~ You may need to change the form of words in the prompt sentence, and the order in which you express the information. ~ Be prepared to experiment. For example, you may have to change an active structure to a passive one, or a positive sentenceto a negative one. ~Your answer must be between ree and eight words in ength. If you write too few or :00 many words, you will be o:>enalised. Although choice. 34 I You shouldn't ,they wouldn't expect your mother to do everything be my first for you! taking Stop for you! 35 We wouldn't your mother will do everything have got out alive without the fire fighter's help. been Had 36 , we wouldn't have got out alive. It's not like her to behave like that as she's normally very calm. keeping estion 32: Which expression 'under' conveys the idea of --llre is no way'? A sentence inning in this way will need ~- 'nversion. Her behaviour her normally calm nature. =- estion 33: 'Averse' suggests __ dislike something. What do eed to say here in order to : "the gapped sentence the --e meaning as the prompt _ .""nce? on Your entr'y ,=_ .on 36: The key word is . a fixed expression .:c=~ing'not consistent with'. 'on 39: You will need to ersion here. 38 your examination results. The rumours of his being fired are not true. contrary Despite , he has not been fired . She was very nice to me at first and I never imagined she could be so cruel! little She was so nice to me at first could be so cruel! she PAPER 1 Reading PAPER 2 Writing Part 1 PAPER4 Listening For questions 40-44, read the following texts on tourism in Antarctica. For questions 40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. For question 44, write a summary according to the instructions given. Part 2 Part 3 PAPER5 Speaking Part 4 ~ Readthrough both texts to get an idea of how they are similar and also how they are different. Antarctica represents ten percent of the Earth's landmass and is also the world's last unspoilt wilderness, so it is hardly surprising that greater numbers of people are visiting the frozen continent every year. Tourism to Antarctica began in the late 1950s but it wasn't until the 1990s that it began impact. In the summer season 2004-5, over 27,000 tourists visited Antarctica, and if one takes into account the crew, support teams and scientists that went there too, the actual number of visitors was closer to 50,000. The tourist industry is predicting that these figures will increase even further. Mass tourism has arrived. 5 to have a commercial ~ It is a good idea to attempt questions 40-43 first. This will help you focus on the points made in each text. ~ Your answers to questions 40-43 do not need to be full sentences, but they need to be clearly expressed. ~ Some questions may ask you to find words or phrases in the text. Others may ask you to explain the meaning of words and phrases or part of the text. Use your own words to do this and do not copy words and phrases from the text. Be careful to explain only what you are asked for, not the whole paragraph! Question 40: What is the word 'commercial' usually associated with? Consider how tourism might develop if more and more people want to visit Antarctica. Tourism is already exerting pressures on the Antarctic environment, and what worries environmentalists is that there is no current regulation and 12 very little constraint on where people may go and what they can do there. Tours to important wildlife and historic sites often attract large numbers of people, and a new kind of 'adventure tourism' - offering activities such as scuba-diving, skydiving, and skiing - has also arrived. Tourists can even fly directly in to waiting ships, and there is now better access to inland areas thanks to light aircraft, helicopters and land vehicles. Inevitably, there have been calls for accommodation to 'be built ashore, as well as airstrips and landing sites. However, if tourism is not to compromise Antarctica's designation as a natural reserve, it must be subject to certain restrictions concerning where people can go and the types of activities they can do once they get there. Otherwise it is doubtful whether Antarctica can remain the last pristine environment on the planet for much longer. Question 42: How might tourists to Antarctica like to feel? (They pay a lot of money to visit the ./ only continent that has not been populated by people.) Why do some tour operators avoid other groups of tourists when they arrive? NTARCTICA has no indigenous population - if you exclude the unavoidable colonies of penguins - and the only people you are likely to see there are other tourists. Some prudent tour operators, however, schedule their landings so they don't bump into each other, thus reinforcing the illusion of the wilderness experience. Question 44 ~ Here, you need to use information from both texts in order to write a short summary. Read the question carefully to see what information you are being asked for. Vessels travelling to the Antarctic vary in size from cruisers carrying around fifty passengers to much larger icestrengthened vessels with a capacity of 1,000 or so. The International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO),a well-respected voluntary organisation, has established rules about the size of ships allowed into Antarctic waters and conduct o't landing sites, so you should check that the tour company you go with is a member. One of these rules states that no more than 100 people can visit land at anyone time, so it is usually better to go with a smaller ship to ensure you will get to see some of the spectacular wildlife and natural features of the continent up close. ~ Make a list of points from the two texts and then check that they are relevant to the question. ~ The first text includes two points for your summary. The first of these forms part of the message running through the text and is hard to miss. The second point is briefly mentioned but it is something that you would probably consider if you were thinking of visiting Antarctica. The second text also includes two points. The first clearly mentions one of the things a potential visitor should be aware of. The second point offers advice. Tours operate in the summ,er months, between November and March, when you can expect more than twenty hours of sunlight and temperatures up to 10°C. In the winter temperatures can plunge to -90°C, but only a handful of hardened scientists ever sit it out. ~ Write your summary from the list you have made, using your own words as far'as possible. Remember: • A summary introduction needs no .., or conclusion. • You need to summarise what the texts say, but you are not asked for your opinion. • Do not include unnecessary details such as examples to support a point. ~ Check the number of words, vocabulary, sentence structure, etc~ 44 In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible which factors, according to both texts, should be taken into consideration by anyone thinking of going on a tour to Antarctica. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 1 Reading You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or Cl which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each extract. PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Use of English ... . ~ PAPER 5 Speaking Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 How did she feel during the trip? ~ Before you listen, read the statement that introduces each extract and the two questions or question stems that follow. These will give you an idea of what to expect. The extracts are short, so you don't have much time to analyse the context while you are listening. A terrified B seasick C inexperienced 2 What did they discover when they reached the next island? A The harbour. was old and ill-equipped. ~ Underline the key words in the statements and questions. B There were too many ferries. C The locals were not very accommodating. ~ You may hear monologues or dialogues from real life situations: a conversation overheard on a bus, or someone talking on the radio, for example. ~ Listen for gist the first time, noting the options you think are correct. Watch out for traps: some words or expressions may be misleading and two of the options are there to confuse you. ~ The second time you listen, check your answers carefully. 3 What is he talking about? A making a sculpture B making a wooden doll Question 1: The woman mentions feeling 'green', which can have more than one . meaning. However, in this case, the meaning is connected to the fact that the sea is rough, and creates a contrast with the baby's peaceful sleep. Question 3: Listen carefully to the whole extract before choosing your answer. There are key words in the text which will help you. C making a musical instrument What does he think is the most important factor in making this object? A precision B patience C knowledge 'c=ID Question 6: You could get confused here by the various combinations in the options. As you listen, tick off the points you hear, but remember that you may not hear the same words. Which factor assisted the woman B Visual communication is instinctive C The dog in question was especially Question 7: Listen carefully for comments which indicate the speaker's attitude towards the activities performed in the darkroom. in teaching her dog sign language? A The breed has a tendency to be born with hearing problems. 6 in dogs. intelligent. How did the woman train her dog? A by using sign language and facial expressions B by using facial expressions and spoken commands C by using sign language, facial expressions and spoken commands 7 How does he feel about the darkroom becoming outmoded? A relieved B regretful C non-committal 8 The software for digital cameras is so far unable to A save the photographer money. B produce good quality posters. C correct mistakes in a photograph.