1
INTRODUCTION
1. Reasons for choosing theme of thesis
For the purpose of boosting overall development of the whole
country, creating linkages and coordination in socio-economic
development of economic zones, our Party and State had a policy of
establishing a number of national key economic regions capable of
achieving breakthroughs and creating driving force to boost socioeconomic development of the whole country in a fast and sustainable
pace. Implementing this policy, at the moment in our country there
are four key economic regions: Northern Key Economic Region,
Central Key Economic Region, Southern Key Economic Region and
Cuu Long Delta Key Economic Region.
The Southern Key Economic Region includes 08 city and provinces:
Hochiminh City, Dong Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Binh Duong, Tay Ninh,
Binh Phuoc, Long An and Tien Giang, being a region holding strategically
important position in terms of economic, political, cultural, social, national
defense and security affairs in the South of Viet Nam and in the whole
country and being the vanguard in the cause of industrialization and
modernization. In order to boost development of the Southern Key
Economic Region, one of the issues to be deal with is to boost the
development of infrastructure, especially transport infrastructure. Transport
infrastructure plays a crucial role, being considered as “national
thoroughfare”, as physical bases for connecting areas in the Region as well
as connecting the Region with other economic regions in Viet Nam and
with international market; forming the transport sector - which is a
especially important service facilitating seamless social reproduction.
Grasping the role of transport infrastructure in the development of
the Southern Key Economic Region, in the recent years, our Party, State,
as well as Party committees and authorities of the city and provinces in
the Region have paid attention to and invested in developing transport
infrastructure system in this Key Economic Region. As a result, the
transport infrastructure system of the Southern Key Economic Region
has gained fast development, contributing to boosting economic
development, ensuring social security, forming industrial centers in
combination with developing urban areas, boosting the process of
economic restructuring, creating more jobs and increasing incomes and
living standards of people in the Region and the whole country.
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However, besides these achievements, the development of
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in the
recent time still has certain limitations and drawbacks. Conditions of
transport infrastructure still cannot meet demands of fast and effective
economic growth; transport system connecting areas in the Region as well
as connecting to other adjacent areas is both poor and lack of
synchronization. Investment in improving transport infrastructure in the
Region does not match demands on economic growth, roles and position
of the Region. These limitations requires localities in the Region to strive
for breakthroughs in developing transport infrastructure in order to attract
investment and boost development of the Region. Also, in the process of
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region
in the context of boosting industrialization and modernization, developing
socialist oriented market and expanding international integration have
arisen a number of theoretical and practical issues to be researched on and
dealt with, such as: Defining roles and accountability of actors, contents of
development, evaluating impacts of factors, learning from experiences in
developing transport infrastructure of other key economic regions;
assessing achievements and limitations, identifying reasons and issues to
be solved; proposing fundamental viewpoints and breakthrough measures
to effectively make use of resources for developing transport infrastructure
of the Region, etc. However, there has been no systematic research aimed
at solving these issues. Therefore, the topic of: “Developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region” has theoretical and
practical necessity, and is selected as the topic of this Doctoral thesis in
Economics in the major of Political economy.
2. Objectives and tasks of research
* Objectives of research: Discussing theoretical and practical
bases of the development of transport infrastructure in the Southern
Key Economic Region; proposing viewpoints and measures to
develop transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic
Region in the time to come.
* Task of research:
- Summarizing literature related to the thesis
- Analyzing theoretical bases of developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region and experiences
in developing transport infrastructure in other key economic regions
in our country.
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- Assessing current situation of developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in the recent
time; identifying reasons and issues to be solved.
- Proposing viewpoints and measures to develop transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in the time to come.
3. Object, scope of research
* Object of research: Developing transport infrastructure.
* Scope of research
- Scope of content: Researching on developing land, water, railway
and air transport infrastructure, including major constructions and
facilities, such as: Bridges, ports, terminals, signage, signal lights, etc.
- Scope of space: Researching on transport infrastructure
connecting provinces and city in the Southern Key Economic Region
and connecting the Region with other economic regions, provinces
and cities in our country.
- Scope of time: The time for surveying and collecting data is
from 2010 to 2018.
4. Theoretical, practical bases and research
methods
* Theoretical bases: Viewpoints of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi
Minh’s thought, directions and viewpoints of the Communist Party of Viet
Nam on developing infrastructure and transport infrastructure.
* Practical bases: Documents and data published by functional
bodies of our Central Government and of the localities in the Southern
Key Economic Region; research results of the related literature.
* Methods of research
On the basis of methodology of Marxism - Leninism, the thesis
employs specific research methods of Marxism - Leninism Political
economy, namely scientific abstraction, and other interdisciplinary
research methods: logic and history, analysis and synthesis, statistics
and comparison, expert method, etc. Specifically:
- Employing scientific abstraction in Chapter 2 to define
comprehension of instrumental concepts and center concepts;
researching on the nature, relationships, trends and rules in developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region.
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- Employing logic and history method in Chapter 3 to
generalize and provide evidence of achievements and limitations in
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region.
- Employing analysis and synthesis in Chapter 1 to extract
research results of the related literature and identify issues to be solved
in the thesis. This method is also employed in Chapter 2 to analyze
contents and objective and subjective factors affecting the development
of transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region. In
Chapter 3, this method is employed to discuss reasons for achievements,
limitations and issues arising from current situation of the development
of transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region. In
Chapter 4, this method helps analyze viewpoints and measures to
develop transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region.
- Employing statistics and comparison in Chapter 3 (in the
form of tables, charts, graphs) to compare year on year development
results, clarify achievements and limitations of the development of
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region.
- Expert method: For obtaining comments and advises from
researchers and lecturers about structure and contents of the thesis.
5. New contributions of the thesis
- Putting forward the concept of developing transport infrastructure in
the Southern Key Economic Region from the angle of Political economy;
development trend in terms of scale, quantity, quality and structure of
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region.
- Identifying major achievements and limitations of the
development of transport infrastructure in the Southern Key
Economic Region.
- Defining viewpoints of targets, contents and how to deal with
relationships between resources in developing transport infrastructure
in the Southern Key Economic Region.
- Proposing breakthrough measures to develop transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in the time to come.
6. Theoretical and practical implications of the thesis
- The thesis contributes to clarifying theoretical and practical
issues of developing transport infrastructure in key economic regions
in general and in Southern Key Economic Region in particular.
- Research results of the thesis can be used as references in
scientific researching, in teaching Marxist - Leninist Political
Economy in educational institutions in and out of the Army.
7. Structure of the thesis
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After the Introduction, the thesis has 4 chapters (10 sub
chapters), Conclusions, List of the author’s publications related to the
thesis, references and appendices.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO THE THESIS
1.1. Foreign literature related to the thesis
1.1.1. Foreign literature about infrastructure, transport
infrastructure
David Alan Aschauer (1990), Why is infrastructure important.
Christine Kessides (1993), The Contributions of Infrastructure to
Economic Development: A Review of Experience and Policy
Implications. Kim Byoungki (2006), Infrastructure Development for
the Economic Development in Developing Countries: Lessons from
Korea and Japan Timo Henckel, Warwick J. McKibbin (2010), The
Economics of Infrastructure in a Globalized World: Issues, Lessons
and Future Challenges. Pravakar Sahoo, Ranjan Kumar Dash,
Geethanjali Nataraj (2010), Infrastructure Development and
Economic Growth in China.U.S. Chamber (2011), Economic
Infrastructure: building for prosperity. Development Bank of
Southern Africa (2012), The State of South Africa’s Economic
Infrastructure: Opportunities and challenges. Department of Foreign
Affairs and Trade (2015), Strategy for Australia’s Aid Investments in
Economic Infrastructure. Luo Xubei, Xu Xuejiao (2018),
Infrastructure, value chains, and economic upgrades Whimp, Kathy;
Haerudin, Ihsan; (2019), Indonesia - TA on Village Transfers:
Village Law - Technical Evaluation of Infrastructure Built with
Village Funds: Main Report.
1.1.2. Literature in foreign countries about industrial cluster
infrastructure, rural infrastructure, transport infrastructure
Michael Porter (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations
New York. Kaur Kuldip và Dhindsa Parramject Kaur (2006), Rural
Infrastructure and Rural Development - Evidence from major State
of India. Samantara Samir (2006), Rural Infrastructure and
Agiculture Growth - Astudy in Chhattisgarh. Raisuddin Ahmed,
Mahabub Hossain (2012), Developmental Impact of Rural
Infrastructure in Bangladesh. Radchenko, Daria (2019), Spatial
development of transport infrastructure and the degree of its
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influence on aggregate factor productivity in Russia T.H. Law, F.M.
Jakarni and S. Kulanthayan (2019), Road infrastructure development
and economic growth.
1.2. Literature related to the thesis in Viet Nam
1.2.1. Literature about developing infrastructure and
transport infrastructure in the whole country
Đỗ Hoài Nam, Lê Cao Đoàn (2001), “Xây dựng hạ tầng cơ sở
ở nông thôn trong quá trình CNH, HĐH ở Việt Nam”, [Building
infrastructure in rural areas in the process of industrialization and
modernization in Viet Nam]. Nguyễn Đức Độ (2002), “Phát triển kết
cấu hạ tầng kinh tế và vai trò của nó đối với củng cố quốc phòng ở
nước ta hiện nay”, [Developing economic infrastructure and its roles
in consolidating national defense in our country nowadays]. Phạm
Thị Túy (2006), “Thu hút và sử dụng vốn ODA vào phát triển kết
cấu hạ tầng ở Việt Nam”, [Attracting and using ODA in developing
infrastructure in Viet Nam]. Chu Tiến Quang, Nguyễn Thị Thu Hằng
(2006), “Về chính sách đầu tư phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng để thực
hiện công nghiệp hóa, hiện đại hóa nông nghiệp, nông thôn”, [About
policies of investing in developing infrastructure to industrialize,
modernize agriculture and rural areas]. Phạm Sỹ Liêm (2006), “Đầu
tư phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng: Cơ hội và thách thức”, [Investing in
developing infrastructure: Opportunities and challenges]. Đặng Công
Xưởng (2007) “Hoàn thiện mô hình quản lý nhà nước về kết cấu hạ
tầng cảng biển Việt Nam”, [Perfecting the model of Stage
management of seaport infrastructure in Viet Nam]. Central Institute
for Economic Management, Data Center (2008), “Phát triển kết cấu
hạ tầng để bảo đảm và thúc đẩy phát triển bền vững”, [Developing
infrastructure to ensure and boost infrastructure]. Bùi Sỹ Huy, Trần
Văn Dũng (2009), “Phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng kinh tế hàng hải ở Việt
Nam hiện nay”, [Developing marine economic infrastructure in Viet
Nam nowadays]. Ministry of Transport of Viet Nam and Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) (2010), Báo cáoNghiên
cứu toàn diện về phát triển bền vững hệ thống giao thông vận tải ở
Việt Nam - Báo cáo chuyên ngành số 03 về cảng và vận tải biển”,
[The Comprehensive Study on the Sustainable Development of
Transport System in Vietnam: Subsector report; No. 3 - Port and
shipping]. Nguyễn Bá Ân, Nguyễn Văn Vinh (2011), “Bàn về phát
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triển hệ thống kết cấu hạ tầng đồng bộ”, [On developing
synchronous infrastructure system]. Trần Minh Phương (2012),
“Phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng giao thông đáp ứng yêu cầu CNH, HĐH
ở Việt Nam”, [Developing transport infrastructure to meet
requirements of industrialization and modernization in Viet Nam].
Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà (2014), “Đầu tư phát triển cảng biển Việt Nam
giai đoạn 2005 - 2020”, [Investment in developing seaport in Viet
Nam in 2005 - 2020]. Phạm Quốc Trường (2014), “PPP trong xây
dựng kết cấu hạ tầng giao thông đường bộ”, [PPP in building land
transport infrastructure]. Nguyễn Quang Vinh (2015), “Phát triển kết
cấu hạ tầng ở Việt Nam”, [Developing infrastructure in Viet Nam].
Nguyễn Văn Vịnh (2015), “Lời giải cho huy động nguồn lực thực
hiện quy hoạch phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng”, [The answer to
mobilizing resources for implementing schemes of developing
infrastructure]. Nguyễn Xuân Cường (2016), “Giải pháp đẩy mạnh
xã hội hóa đầu tư xây dựng kết cấu hạ tầng giao thông đường bộ ở
Việt Nam”, [Measures to boost community engagement in investing
in building land transport infrastructure in Viet Nam].
1.2.2. Literature about developing infrastructure and
transport infrastructure in localities
Cấn Văn Lực (2007), “Phát triển vùng kinh tế trọng điểm phía
Nam và tác động của nó đối với xây dựng tiềm lực quốc phòng trên
địa bàn Quân khu 7”, [Developing the Southern Key Economic
Region and its impacts on building up national defense potentials in
the 7th Military Region]. Nguyễn Đức Tuyên (2008), “Phát triển hạ
tầng kinh tế - xã hội ở nông thôn tỉnh Bắc Ninh kinh nghiệm và giải
pháp”, [Developing socio-economic infrastructure in rural areas of
Bac Ninh province - Experiences and Solutions]. Nguyễn Văn Phú
(2008), “Phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng kỹ thuật trong quá trình thực
hiện công nghiệp hoá, hiện đại hóa địa bàn tỉnh Hải Dương”,
[Developing
technical
infrastructure
in
implementing
industrialization, modernization in Hai Duong province]. Nguyễn
Đình Trung (2012), “Xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng các cụm công nghiệp ở
Hà Nội”, [Building infrastructure of industrial clusters in Hanoi]. Đỗ
Đức Tú (2012), “Phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng giao thông Vùng Đồng
bằng sông Hồng đến năm 2030 theo hướng hiện đại".Trần Trung
Nhân (2012), “Phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng nông thôn tỉnh Đồng Nai
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đến năm 2020”, [Developing rural infrastructure in Dong Nai up to
2020]. Hoàng Cao Liêm (2013), “Phát triển kết cấu hạ tầng giao
thông đường bộ tại Hà Nam”, [Developing land transport
infrastructure in Ha Nam].
1.3. Summary of research results of
published literature and issues to be solved in
the thesis
1.3.1. Summary of research results of published literature
the thesis may use
On the basis of reviewing domestic and foreign literature
related to the thesis, the author finds that there are a number of
research results that the thesis can use:
Firstly, a number of literature related to the thesis have analyzed and
put forward concepts of infrastructure and classification of infrastructure.
Secondly, a number of literature related to the thesis have
studied and proposed a number of measures and experiences in
developing infrastructure and attracting investment in building
infrastructure in the whole countries and in localities.
1.3.2. Issues to be solved in the thesis:
Firstly, in order to clarify theoretical bases of developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region, the
thesis must answer a number of questions, for example: From the
angle of political economy, how the concept of infrastructure,
transport infrastructure and developing transport infrastructure are
defined? What are the contents of developing transport
infrastructure? What are the factors affecting the development of
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region, and
what the localities in the Southern Key Economic Region should
learn from experiences of other localities in our country?
Secondly, what is the current situation of developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in the period of
2010 - 2018? What are the limitations and what are the reasons for
these limitation? What are the problems which must be solved in
order to develop transport infrastructure in the Southern Key
Economic Region in the time to come?
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Thirdly, in order to develop transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region in the time to come, which
viewpoints must be grasped and which measures be implemented?
Conclusion of Chapter 1
By reviewing remarkable foreign literature related to the thesis,
the author has gained insights of theoretical and practical issues of
developing infrastructure in general and transport infrastructure in
particular. Also, from these literature the author can obtain and inherit
scientific values for the purpose of studying relevant issues, for
examples: Concepts, and classification of infrastructure, etc.
On the basis of reviewing domestic literature, the author
consolidates a system of knowledge related to theory, practice and
measures to develop transport infrastructure. Remarkable literature
about developing infrastructure and transport infrastructure are
approached from different angles, for examples: Reference books,
scientific articles, scientific researches, doctoral theses, contributing
to creating a panorama of literature related to developing transport
infrastructure in our country. The author can inherit and make use of
scientific values of these literature while carrying out objectives and
tasks of the thesis. However, besides their achievements, these
reviewed literature still left behind theoretical and practical gaps
while researching on developing transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region. This sets out a requirement of
further researching on, supplementing and perfecting theoretical and
practical issues and measures for the course of developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region nowadays.
Summary of literature related to the thesis shows that the thesis:
“Developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic
Region” is an independent research and does not duplicate any other
published scientific works.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL BASES OF DEVELOPING TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE SOUTHERN KEY ECONOMIC
REGION AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES
2.1. General issues of infrastructure, transport
infrastructure, and transport infrastructure in key economic
regions
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2.1.1. Infrastructure
2.1.1.1. Concept of infrastructure
Infrastructure is the totality of physical, technical and
architectural facilities that play a fundamental role for socioeconomic activities to take place normally.
2.1.1.2. Classification of infrastructure
Firstly, based on socio - economic fields, infrastructure can be
classified into: Infrastructure supporting economic activities,
infrastructure supporting social activities, and infrastructure
supporting national defense - security activities. However, in fact,
there is rarely any infrastructure that solely support economic
activities without facilitating social activities, and vice versa.
Secondly, based on structure of national economy,
infrastructure can be classified into: Industrial infrastructure,
agricultural infrastructure, transport infrastructure, communications
infrastructure, engineering and construction infrastructure, financial
infrastructure, banking infrastructure, medical infrastructure, socio cultural infrastructure, etc.
Thirdly, based on residential and geographical zoning,
infrastructure can be classified into urban infrastructure, rural
infrastructure, marine economic infrastructure; lowland, midland and
mountainous infrastructure, key development zone infrastructure,
large city infrastructure.
2.1.2. Transport infrastructure, and transport infrastructure
in key economic regions
2.1.2.1. Transport infrastructure
* Concept of transport infrastructure:
It can be defined that: Transport infrastructure is the
fundamental physical - technical facilities such as roads, bridges,
airports, seaports, etc. and other supporting construction and
facilities that facilitate movements of people and vehicles in a fast,
convenient and safe manner.
Classification of transport infrastructure:
Based on management hierarchy, there are national transport
infrastructure and local transport infrastructure.
Based on transportation modes, there are: Land transport
infrastructure, railway transport infrastructure; air transport
infrastructure; waterway transport infrastructure (sea and inland).
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Based on zoning, there are: Urban transport infrastructure,
rural transport infrastructure, transport infrastructure in economic
regions; transport infrastructure in key economic regions, etc.
2.1.2.2. Transport infrastructure in key economic regions
Economic region and key economic region
Economic region is a territorial component of a country’s
national economy, having a certain extent of specialization and
interrelationships resulting from production and business activities
frequently running in that territorial component and other socio economic relationships.
* Concept of transport infrastructure in key economic region
Based on the concept of transport infrastructure and key
economic region, the concept of transport infrastructure in key
economic region can be defined as follows: Transport infrastructure
in key economic region is the fundamental physical - technical
facilities such as roads, bridges, airports, seaports, etc. and other
supporting construction and facilities that facilitate movements of
people and vehicles in a fast, convenient and safe manner within a
key economic region and between that key economic region and
other key economic regions in the country.
Features of transport infrastructure in key economic region:
Transport infrastructure in key economic region has all
features of transport infrastructure, as follows: Feature of stability at
construction location; Feature of structural durability; Feature of
public good; Feature of expensive cost.
Besides common features of transport infrastructure,
transport infrastructure in key economic region has a number of
specific features:
Firstly, synchronism
Secondly, modernity
Thirdly, connectivity within the key economic region and to
other key economic regions
2.2. Concept, contents and factors afecting
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern
Key Economic Region
2.2.1. Concept, contents of developing transport
infrastructure in the Northern Key Economic Region
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2.2.1.1. Concept of developing transport infrastructure in the
Northern Key Economic Region
Based on the concept of developing transport infrastructure,
from the angle of political economy, the concept of developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region can be
defined as follows: Developing transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region is the totality of policies and
measures of the actors in order to increase quantity and scale,
improve quality and perfect transport infrastructure to meet socio economic development demands of the Region.
2.2.1.2. Contents of developing transport infrastructure in the
Northern Key Economic Region
Firstly, to increase quantity and scale of transport
infrastructure.
Secondly, to improve quality of transport infrastructure.
Thirdly, to perfect structure of transport infrastructure.
2.2.2. Factors affecting developing transport infrastructure
in the Southern Key Economic Region
2.2.2.1. Internal factors
Firstly, geographical location, natural conditions of the Southern
Key Economic Region.
Secondly, socio-economic conditions of the Southern Key
Economic Region.
Thirdly, development scheme of the Southern Key Economic Region.
Fourthly, management capacity of authorities of all levels of
provinces and city in the Southern Key Economic Region.
Fifthly, awareness and accountability of socio - political
organizations, enterprises and people in the Southern Key Economic
Region about developing transport infrastructure in the Region
2.2.2.2. External factors
Firstly, socio - economic conditions of our country.
Secondly, laws, mechanisms, policies for developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region of our State.
Thirdly, development of science and technology, the Fourth
Industrial Revolution.
Fourthly, market economy.
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Fifthly, international integration
2.3. Experiences in developing transport infrastructure in
key economic regions in our country and lessons for the Southern
Key Economic Region
2.3.1. Experience in developing transport infrastructure in
the three key economic regions in our country
2.3.1.1. Experience in developing transport infrastructure in
the Northern Key Economic Region
Firstly, diversifying the fundings for developing transport
infrastructure.
Secondly, emphasizing on planning of developing transport
infrastructure.
2.3.1.2. Experience in developing transport infrastructure in
the Central Key Economic Region
Firstly, emphasizing on State management of developing
transport infrastructure.
Secondly, focusing on the work of preparing schemes and
plans of developing transport infrastructure.
2.3.1.3. Experience in developing transport infrastructure in
the Cuu Long Delta Key Economic Region
Firstly, diversifying the fundings for developing transport
infrastructure.
Secondly, establishing attractive environment, mechanism and
policies to mobilize fundings for developing transport infrastructure.
2.3.2. Lessons for developing transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region
2.3.2.1. To properly carry out the making of overall scheme
for developing transport infrastructure
2.3.2.2. To improve quality and effectiveness of State management
of investment in developing transport infrastructure
2.3.2.3. To improve legal environment, mechanism and
policies to diversely mobilize fundings for investing in developing
transport infrastructure.
2.3.2.4. To strictly control and effectively use the fundings for
investing in developing transport infrastructure.
Conclusion of Chapter 2
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On the basis of the concept of infrastructure, the thesis defines
the concept of transport infrastructure, and of Transport infrastructure
in key economic region; its features are: Feature of stability at
construction location; Feature of structural durability; Feature of public
good; Feature of expensive cost; and also defines the concept of
developing transport infrastructure.
On the basis of the concept of developing transport
infrastructure, the thesis defines the center concept: Developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region is the
active and proactive activities of the actors in order to change
quantity, scale, quality and structure of transport infrastructure
according to specified objectives and plans to meet demands of
socio-economic development of the Region in each period. Contents
of developing transport infrastructure in the Northern Key Economic
Region are: Firstly, developing of transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region in terms of quantity and scale;
secondly, developing of transport infrastructure in the Southern Key
Economic Region in terms of quality; thirdly, developing of transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in terms of
structure. The development of infrastructure in the Southern Key
Economic Region is affected by internal factors, including:
geographical location, natural conditions of the Region; socioeconomic conditions of the Region; development scheme of the
Region; management capacity of authorities of all levels of provinces
and city in the Region; awareness and accountability of socio political organizations, enterprises and people in the Region. Also,
there are impacts of external factors, including: socio - economic
conditions of our country; laws, mechanisms, policies for developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region of our
State; development of science and technology, the Fourth Industrial
Revolution; market economy; international integration. Experiences
of other key economic regions in our country show a number of
similarities with the Southern Key Economic Region and are made
into lessons, which shall help the author study the development of
transport infrastructure in the Region.
Chapter 3
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CURRENT SITUATION OF DEVELOPING TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE NORTHERN KEY ECONOMIC
REGION
3.1.
Achievements
and
limitations
of
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern
Key Economic Region
3.1.1. Achievements of developing transport infrastructure in
the Southern Key Economic Region
3.1.1.1. The system of transport infrastructure develops fast in
terms of quantity and scale.
Firstly, investment in developing transport infrastructure
increases fast in each period, being capable of meeting development demands.
Secondly, the number of types of transport infrastructure is
increasing, creating a relatively complete connectivity within the Region.
3.1.1.2. Quality of the system of transport infrastructure is
improved, meeting domestic and international standards
Firstly, quality of land transport infrastructure meets technical
requirements, modernity, durability and safety requirements.
Secondly, quality of air transport infrastructure is improved.
Thirdly, quality of railway transport infrastructure is improved
within existing capability of the sector.
Fourthly, quality of waterway transport infrastructure meets
specific requirements of waterway transport of the Region.
3.1.1.3. Transport infrastructure is being developed with
increasingly appropriate structure
Firstly, the system of transport infrastructure is developed
relatively synchronously.
Secondly, land transport infrastructure, waterway transport
infrastructure are prioritized according to geographical conditions
and transport demands.
Thirdly, transport infrastructure is developed in balance in both
urban and rural areas.
3.1.2. Limitations of developing transport infrastructure in
the Southern Key Economic Region
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3.1.2.1. Quantity and scale of transport infrastructure are
inadequate compared to demands of socio-economic development
Firstly, amount and scale of investment in developing transport
infrastructure are still inadequate.
Secondly, the increase in quantity and scale of transport
infrastructure cannot meet development demands of the Region.
3.1.1.2. Quality of transport infrastructure in a certain aspects
cannot meet demands of socio - economic development
Firstly, construction quality of a number of transport
infrastructure facilities is low and degrades quickly.
Secondly, quality of rural transport infrastructure in a certain
aspects cannot meet demands of socio - economic development.
Thirdly, quality of inland waterway and air transport
infrastructure have not been improved much.
Fourthly, quality of railway transport infrastructure is only
improved in a slow pace.
3.1.2.3. Structure of transport infrastructure is improved slowly
Firstly, urban transport infrastructure is improved fast, while
transport infrastructure in rural and remote areas lag behind.
Secondly, land transport infrastructure and waterway transport
infrastructure are developed fast, while development of air and
railway transport infrastructure is slow.
3.2. Reasons for achievements, limitations and issues
arising from current situation of the development of transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic
3.2.1.
Reasons
for
achievements
and
limitations of developing transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region
3.2.1.1. Reasons for achievements
* Objective reasons
Firstly, our Party, State, Ministries and agencies of our Central
Government have paid attention on developing transport
infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region.
17
Secondly, geographical location, and socio-economic
conditions in the Southern Key Economic Region are favorable for
developing transport infrastructure.
Thirdly, the Region is successful in attracting large amount of
investment on developing transport infrastructure.
* Subjective reasons:
Firstly, Party committees and authorities of the localities in the
Region have high political determination in commanding and
directing the development of transport infrastructure.
Secondly, authorities of the localities in the Southern Key
Economic Region have developed transport infrastructure
comprehensively with focuses.
Thirdly, people in the Region are always in a concensus with
guidelines and policies for development of local Party committees
and authorities.
3.2.1.2. Reasons for limitations
* Objective reasons
Firstly, natural conditions of the Region has a number of
adverse impacts on attracting investment in developing transport
infrastructure.
Secondly, mechanism and policies for attracting investment in
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic
Region are incomplete, unsynchronized and limited.
* Subjective reasons:
Firstly, awareness of a number of leaders of local authorities in
the Southern Key Economic Region about roles and tasks of
developing transport infrastructure is limited.
Secondly, effectiveness of investment management of local
authorities and agencies in the Region is limited.
Thirdly, the mobilization and allocation of resources of the
actors are limited.
3.2.2. Issues to be solved based on current situation of developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region
18
3.2.2.1. To solve the conflict between the demand of fast and
synchronously developing, ensuring quality of transport
infrastructure in the Region and the limited investment, especially
investment from State Budget
3.2.2.2. To solve the conflict between the demand of having
synchronous mechanism and policies for creating legal corridor for
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic
Region and the fact that the mechanism and policies are incomplete
and unsynchronized.
3.2.2.3. To solve the conflict between the requirement of
having high quality human resources, especially the staff of
management capable of meeting requirement of developing transport
infrastructure in the Region and the fact that the cadre staff still have
a number of limitations.
19
Conclusion of Chapter 3
Being one of the most dynamic regions of our country, in the
recent time, due to the fact that the Southern Key Economic Region
has received attention and support from the Central Government and
thanks to high determination of Party committees and authorities, and
the consensus of people in the localities of the Regions, the work of
developing transport infrastructure has gained a number of important
results. Transport infrastructure in the Region has been developed
both in quantity and quality; transport infrastructure facilities have
been remarkably improved, step by step meeting demands of socioeconomic development in the Region and in the country.
However, besides these achievements, the process of
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic
Region still has a number of limitations, as follows: Quantity and
scale of transport infrastructure are still inadequate compared to
demands of socio-economic development; the development of
transport infrastructure is still unbalance in terms of scale and
structure, especially scale and structure of investment; quality of
transport infrastructure is still low. These limitations has significantly
impacted the process of developing transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region.
The achievements and limitations of the process of developing
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region result from
both objective and subjective reasons. Also, from the current situation of
developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region,
a number of issues to be solved are: To solve the conflict between the
demand of fast and synchronously developing, ensuring quality of
transport infrastructure in the Region and the limited investment,
especially investment from State Budget; To solve the conflict between
the demand of having synchronous mechanism and policies for creating
legal corridor for developing transport infrastructure in the Southern Key
Economic Region and the fact that the mechanism and policies are
incomplete and unsynchronized; To solve the conflict between the
requirement of having high quality human resources, especially the staff
20
of management capable of meeting requirement of developing transport
infrastructure in the Region and the fact that the cadre staff still have a
number of limitations. To fully understand these limitations and their
underlying reasons and issues to be solved is a crucial base to determine
appropriate viewpoints and measures to boost the development of
transport infrastructure in the Southern Key Economic Region in the time
to come to meet develop demands of the Region.
Chapter 4
VIEWPOINTS AND MEASURES TO DEVELOPE
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE SOUTHERN KEY
ECONOMIC REGION IN THE TIME TO COME
4.1. Viewpoints on developing transport infrastructure in
the Southern Key Economic Region in the time to come
4.1.1. Development of transport infrastructure in the
Southern Key Economic Region must be in line with the scheme
for developing national transport infrastructure in the Southern
Key Economic Region and the overall scheme for socio-economic
development of the Region.
Firstly, to ensure compatibility with direction of socio economic development and scheme for developing national transport
infrastructure.
Secondly, to ensure compatibility between the Region with the
country while selecting technologies for developing transport infrastructure.
Thirdly, to keep up with the trend of international integration
and modernization in developing transport infrastructure.
4.1.2.Transport infrastructure should be developed synchronously,
with priority being key transport infrastructure facilities and key areas
Firstly, to aim at developing transport infrastructure synchronously
to ensure that the Region develops comprehensively.
Secondly, to prioritize building and upgrading key transport
infrastructure facilities, and transport infrastructure in strategic areas
or in areas having transport difficulties.
Thirdly, to appropriately adjust structure of investment in
developing transport infrastructure.
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