Mô tả:
Foreword
This book has been written to provide students who are preparing for the
IELTS exam with a brief summary of how to write a report in the first part
and to write an effective essay in the second part of the IELTS writing section.
It helps IELTS learners have thorough insights into the structure as well as the
style necessary to answer a variety of different types of writing that
commonly appear in the exam.
The way this book is organized is quite clear and simple. The general
understanding of the task’s requirements and a common structure used to
write every type of essay in the IELTS writing task 1 & 2 will be primarily
presented in order for students to grab hold of the overall idea of how they
should divide their essays into a few key paragraphs. Then the complete
guidance of how to ace each particular type of essay will instruct students to
effectively study for the real exam.
This small guide only acts as a self-studying material and a supplement for
students’ IELTS writing courses. Therefore, it is not recommended that
students only take this book, albeit helpful and valuable, as a sole source of
preparation. Non-stop effort and diligence result in success in the real exam!
This book is copyright © 2016 by http://zim.vn. It is the product of
considerable hard-work and the intellectual property of the author Nguyen
Anh Toan, also known as Toan ZIM. It is widely accessible to any students of
intermediate or advanced level. Therefore, no part of this work, in whole or
in part, may be printed, copied, distributed or sold without the written
permission of the author, Nguyen Anh Toan.
1
Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 1
IELTS WRITING TASK 1 ........................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................... 5
What you need to know about the IELTS writing task 1 ..................................................... 5
CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................................... 17
General structure .............................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................................... 19
How to write all types of IELTS writing task 1 ................................................................... 19
I.
II.
Line graph ................................................................................................................ 20
Pie chart .................................................................................................................. 26
III. Bar chart ..................................................................................................................... 29
IV. Table ........................................................................................................................... 32
V.
Mixed....................................................................................................................... 34
VI. Maps ........................................................................................................................... 35
VII. Process....................................................................................................................... 36
IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ...................................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 1 ......................................................................................................................... 38
What you need to know about the IELTS writing task 2 ................................................... 38
CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................................... 49
Sharpening your writing skills ........................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................................... 61
2
General structure .............................................................................................................. 61
I.
II.
How to write a good introduction? ........................................................................ 63
How to write a body paragraph? ............................................................................ 65
III. How to write a good conclusion? ............................................................................... 67
CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................................................... 70
How to write all types of IELTS writing task 2 ................................................................... 70
I.
Opinion essay .......................................................................................................... 71
One-sided approach .......................................................................................................... 72
Balanced approach ............................................................................................................ 81
One-sided v.s Balanced ..................................................................................................... 86
II.
Discussion essay ...................................................................................................... 89
III. Advantage & Disadvantage essays ............................................................................. 96
IV. Cause & Effect/Solution essays ................................................................................ 101
V.
Direct-question essays .......................................................................................... 104
CHAPTER 5 ....................................................................................................................... 107
Top 10 frequently asked questions ................................................................................. 107
CHAPTER 6 ....................................................................................................................... 111
High band score essays ................................................................................................... 111
CHAPTER 7 ....................................................................................................................... 153
Essay topics to practice at home ..................................................................................... 153
Final words ...................................................................................................................... 160
3
4
CHAPTER 1
What you need to know about the IELTS writing task 1
5
1.
-
General introduction
This is the first part of the writing section which makes up one third of the
overall band score.
-
Candidates are required to write a report on a given info graphic of at least
2.
Assessment criteria
150 words or more within suggested 20 minutes.
Your writing will be assessed on 4 different criteria, each of which is worth 25% of
your total marks for task 1.
TA
Task achievement
The
check
examiner
information,
CC
LR
Coherence
GRA
& Lexical resource
Cohesion
will Your organization of Your
your information,
paragraphing,
use
your vocabulary,
and spelling
and
Grammatical
& accuracy
of You will get a band
your score
3.
-
Band
9.0
8.0
devices
marked.
will
for
your
the sentence structures,
overview, detail and your use of linking number of mistakes tenses,
accuracy.
range
be will affect your score.
grammar
control
and
of
the
number of mistakes.
IELTS writing task 1 band descriptors
TA: Task Achievement
Requirements
- Fully satisfies all the requirements of the task
- Clearly presents a fully developed response
- Covers all requirements of the task sufficiently
- Presents, highlights and illustrates key features/bullet points
clearly and appropriately
6
7.0
- Covers the requirements of the task
- (Academic) Presents a clear overview of main trends, differences
or stages
- (General training) presents a clear purpose, with the tone
consistent and appropriate
- Clearly presents and highlights key features/bullet points but
6.0
could be more fully extended
- Addresses the requirements of the task
- (Academic) Presents an overview with information appropriately
selected
- (General) Presents a purpose that is generally clear; there may be
inconsistencies in tone
- Presents and adequately highlights key features/bullet points but
5.0
details may be irrelevant, inappropriate or inaccurate
- Generally addresses the task; the format may be inappropriate in
places
- (Academic) Recounts detail mechanically with no clear overview;
there may be no data to support the description
- (General training) may present a purpose for the letter that is
unclear at times; the tone may be variable and sometimes
inappropriate
- Presents, but inadequately covers, key features/bullet points;
4.0
there may be a tendency to focus on detail
- Attempts to address the task but does not cover all key
features/bullet points; the format may be inappropriate
- (General training) Fails to clearly explain the purpose of the
letter; the tone may be inappropriate
7
- May confuse key features/ bullet points with detail; parts may be
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
unclear, irrelevant, repetitive or inaccurate
- Fails to address the task, which may have been completely
misunderstood
- Presents limited ideas which may be largely irrelevant/repetitive
- Answer is barely related to the task
- Answer is completely unrelated to the task
Does not attend
Does not attempt the task in any way
Writes a totally memorized response
-
Band
CC: Coherence & Cohesion
Requirements
9.0
- Uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention
8.0
- Sequences information and ideas logically
7.0
- Skillfully manages paragraphing
- Manages all aspects of cohesion well
- Use paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately
- Logically organizes information and ideas; there is clear
progression throughout
- Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there
6.0
may be some under-/over-use
- Arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear
overall progression
- Uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or
between sentences may be faulty or mechanical
8
5.0
- May not always use referencing clearly or appropriately
- Presents information with some organization but there may be a
lack of overall progression
- Makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices
4.0
- May be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution
- Presents information and ideas but these are not arranged
coherently and there is no clear progression in the response
- Uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
repetitive
- Does not arrange ideas logically
- May use a very limited range of cohesive devices, and those used
may not indicate a logical relationship between ideas
- Has very little control of organizational features
- Fails to communicate any message
Does not attend
Does not attempt the task in any way
Writes a totally memorized response
-
Band
9.0
8.0
LR: Lexical Resource
Requirements
- Uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and
sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur
only as ‘slips’
- Uses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey
precise meanings
- Skillfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be
9
occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocation
7.0
- Produces rare errors in spelling and/or word formation
- Uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility
and precision
- Uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style
and collocation
- May produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or
6.0
word formation
- Uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
- Attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some
inaccuracy
- Makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they
5.0
do not impede communication
- Uses limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally
adequate for the task
- May make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation
4.0
that may cause some difficulty for the reader
- Uses only basic vocabulary which may be used repetitively or
which may be inappropriate for the task
- Has limited control of word formation and/or spelling; errors
3.0
2.0
1.0
may cause strain for the reader
- Uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with
very limited control of word formation and/or spelling
- Errors may severely distort the message
- Uses an extremely limited range of vocabulary; essentially no
control of word formation and/or spelling
- Can only use a few isolated words
10
0
Does not attend
Does not attempt the task in any way
Writes a totally memorized response
Band
9.0
8.0
7.0
GRA: Grammatical Range & Accuracy
Requirements
- Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and
accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’
- Uses a wide range of structures
- The majority of sentences are error-free
- Makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies
- Uses a variety of complex structures
- Produces frequent error-free sentences
- Has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a
6.0
5.0
few errors
- Uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
- Makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they
rarely reduce communication
- Uses only a limited range of structures
- Attempts complex sentences but the these tend to be less
accurate than simple sentences
- May make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may
4.0
be faulty; errors can cause some difficulty for the reader
- Uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use
of subordinate clauses
- Some structures are accurate but errors predominate, and
11
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
punctuation is often faulty
- Attempts sentences forms but errors in grammar and
punctuation predominate and distort the meaning
- Cannot use sentence forms except in memorized phrases
- Cannot use sentence forms at all
Does not attend
Does not attempt the task in any way
Writes a totally memorized response
4.
Common types of IELTS writing task 1
-
Line graph
12
Pie chart
-
Bar chart
13
-
Table
-
Mixed
14
-
Maps
-
Process
15
5.
Important notes:
-
No contractions
-
Always paraphrase where possible
-
No “I” or “you”
DON’T include any personal opinions
DON’T try to include everything
Writing an overview is a must
Be careful of verb tenses
Try to write 4 paragraphs
16
CHAPTER 2
General structure
17
The 3-paragraph structure can be applied to write a report in the first part of
the IELTS writing section.
Introduction
Detail
paragraph 1
Detail
paragraph 2
•Paraphrase the rubric* (see how to paraphrase in page )
•Summarize the main trends or the most remarkable featres
•Describe the main features
•Describe the main features
It is important to keep in mind that writing an overview (the summary
What is “the rubric”?
of the main trends and the most remarkable features) is a must.
Every chart, graph, table or diagram has a sentence that describes what the
info graphic is about. That sentence is called “the rubric”.
Example:
The line graph below shows the unemployment rate in Vietnam from 1990
to 2010.
18
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