Tài liệu Xây dựng bộ đề luyện kỹ năng đọc hiểu trong bài thì toefl dành cho học viên cao học tại học viện chính trị hành chính quốc gia hồ chí minh

HỌC VIỆN CT-HCQG HỒ CHÍ MINH BÁO CÁO TỔNG KẾT ĐỀ TÀI XÂY DỰNG BỘ ĐỀ LUYỆN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU TRONG BÀI THÌ TOEFL DÀNH CHO HỌC VIÊN CAO HỌC TẠI HỌC VIỆN CHÍNH TRỊ HÀNH CHÍNH QUỐC GIA HỒ CHÍ MINH CNĐT: TRẦN BÍCH THỦY 8272 HÀ NỘI – 2010 Test 1 Passage 1: Questions 1 – 7 According to airline industry statistics, almost 90% of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible. OF course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alternative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the dark if necessary . In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Airline industry accident statistics B. Procedures for evacuating aircraft C. Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival D. Safety instructions in air travel. 2. If can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if they A. keep their heads low 1 B. wear a safety belt C. do not smoke in or near a plane D. read airline safety statistics 3. According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before takeoff? A. The ones that can be found in the dark B. The two closest to the passenger is seat C. The nearest exit D The ones with counted rows of seats between them 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To satisfy travelers B. To sell airlines C. To provide safety advice D. To give statistical evidence 5. According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor A. Throughout the flight B. During takeoffs and landings C. Especially during landings D. Only if an accident is possible 6. Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safely instructions A. In an emergency B. Before locating the exits C. If smoke is in the cabin D. Before take off 7. Which of the following are airline passengers advised NOT to do? A. Locate the nearest exit B. Ask questions about safety C. Fasten their seat belts before takeoff D. Carry personal belongings in an emergency 2 Passage 2: Questions 8 – 13 Water scarcity is fast becoming one of the major limiting factors in world crop production. In many areas, poor agricultural practices have led to increasing desertification and the loss of formerly arable lands. Consequently, those plant species that are well adapted to survival in dry climates are being looked at for an answer in developing more efficient crops to grow on marginally arable lands. Plants use several mechanisms to ensure their survival in desert environments. Some involve purely mechanical and physical adaptations, such as the shape of the plant’s surface, smaller leaf size, and extensive root systems. Some of the adaptations are related to chemical mechanisms. Many plant, such as cacti, have internal gums and mucilages which give them water-retaining properties. Another chemical mechanism is that of the epicuticular wax layer. This wax layer acts as an impervious cover to protect the plant. It prevents excessive loss of internal moisture. It also protects the plant from external aggression, which can come from inorganic agents such as gases, or organic agents which include bacteria and plant pests. Researchers have proposed that synthetic waxes which similar protective abilities could be prepared based on knowledge of desert plants. If successfully developed, such a compound could be used to greatly increase a plant’s ability to maintain health in such adverse situations as inadequate water supply, limited fertilizer availability, attack by pets, and poor storage after harvesting. 8. This passage deals mainly with A. desertification B. decreasing water supplies C. factors limiting crop production D. developing efficient plants 9. Which of the following is a mechanical or physical mechanism desert plants use? A. The plant’s shape B. The small root system 3 C. The vast leaf size D. The high water consumption 10. Which is one of the ways the epicuticular wax protects the plant? A. If helps the plant to avoid excessive moisture intake. B. If helps the plant to attack aggressors C. If releases gases against plant pests D If guards against bacteria 11. If can be inferred that synthetic simulated waxes have A. not been developed yet B. not succeeded C. been determined to be impervious to organic and inorganic agents D. the quality of causing bacteria 12. What is an example of an inorganic agent that may attack plants? A. Bacteria B. Insects C. Gas D. Pets 13 What is NOT an example of an adverse situation for crops? A. Inadequate water B. Insufficient fertilizer C. Pest aggression D. Proper storage Passage 3: Questions 14 – 19 Every year about two million people visit Mount Rushmore, where the faces of four U.S. presidents were caved in granite by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his son, the late Lincoln Borglum. The creation of the Mount Rushmore monument took 14 yearsfrom 1927 to 1941- and nearly a million dollars. These were times when money was difficult to come by and many people were jobless. To move than 400,000tons of rock, Borglum hired laid-off workers from the closed-down mines in the Black Hills area. 4 He taught these men to dynamite, drill, carve, and finish the granite as they were hanging in midair in his specially devised chairs, which had many safety features. Borglum was proud of the fact that no workers were killed or severely injured during the years of blasting and carving. During the carving, many changes in the original had to be made to keep the carved heads free of large fissures that were uncovered. However, not all the cracks could be avoided, so Borglum concocted a mixture of granite dust, white lead, and linseed oil to fill them. Every winter, water from melting snows gets into the fissures and expands as it freezes, making the fissures bigger. Consequently, every autumn maintenance work is done to refill the cracks. The repairer swings out in space over a 500- foot drop and fix the monument with the same mixture that Borglum used to preserve this national monument for future generations. 14. In line 16, the word “fissures” refers to A. designs B. cracks C. heads D. carvings 15. According to the passage, Borglum’s son A. is dead B. was a president C. did maintenance work D. spent a million dollars 16. The men who Borglum hired were A. trained sculptors B. laid- off stone masons C. black Hills volunteers D unemployed miners 5 17. It can be inferred from the passage that A. the heads are not as originally planned B. the workers made mistakes when blasting C. the cracks caused serious injuries D. the designs had large fissures in them 18. Borglum’s mixture for filling cracks was A. very expensive B. bought at the black Hills mines C. invented by the sculptor himself D. uncovered during carving 19. Today Mount Rushmore needs A. to be protected from air pollution B. to be polished for tourists C. to be restored during the winter D. to be repaired periodically Passage 4: Questions 20 – 24 History books record that the first with sound The Jazz Singer in 1927. But sound films, or “talkies,” did not suddenly appear after years of silent screenings. From the earliest public performances in 1896, films were accompanied by music and sound effects. These were produced by a single pianist, a small band, or a full-scale orchestra; large movie theaters could buy sound-effects machines. Research into sound that was reproduced at exactly the same time as the pictures- called “ synchronized sound” – began soon after the very first films were shown. With synchronized sound, characters on the movie screen could sing and speak. As early as 1896, the newly invented gramophone, which played a large disc carrying music and dialogue, was used as a sound system. The biggest disadvantage was that the sound and pictures could become unsynchronized if, for example, the gramophone needle jumped or if the speed of the projector changed. This system was only effective of a single sequence. 6 song or dialogue In the “sound –on –film” system, sounds were recorded as a series of marks on celluloid which could be read by an optical sensor. These signals would be placed on the film alongside the image, guaranteeing synchronization. Short feature films were produced in this way as early as 1922. This system eventually brought us “talking pictures” . 20. The passages is mainly about A. the history of silent movies B. the disadvantages of synchronized sound C. The development of sound with movies D. The research into sound reproduction 21. According to the passage, films using sound effects were screened A. before 1896 B. as early as 1896 C. as early as 1922 D. in 1927 22. If can be inferred A. most movie theaters had a pianist B. sound-effects machines were not common they were expensive C. orchestras couldn’t synchronize sound with the pictures D gramophones were developed about the same time as moving pictures 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a producer of sound to accompany movies? A. a jazz singer B. a single pianist C. a small band D. a gramophone 24. According to the passage, gramophones were ineffective because they A. got out of synchronization with picture B. were too large for most movie theaters 7 C. were newly invented and still had imperfections D. changed speeds when the needle jumped 8 Test 2 Passage1 : Questions 1 – 10 Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, was from a wealthy, well-known family. As a child, he attended private school, had private tutors, and traveled with his parents to Europe. He attended Harvard University, and afterward studied law. At age 5 Roosevelt suddenly developed polio, a disease that left him without the full use of his legs for the rest of his life. Even through the worst of his illness, however, he continued his life in politics. In 1924 he appeared at the Democratic National Convention to nominate Al Smith for president, and eight years after that he himself was nominated for the same office. Roosevelt was elected to the presidency during the Great Depression of the 1930s, at a time when more than 5,000 banks had failed and thousands of people were out of work. Roosevelt took action. First he declared a bank holiday that closed all the banks so no more could fail; then he reopened the banks little by little with government support. Roosevelt believed in using the full power of government to help what he called the "forgotten people." And it was these workers, the wage earners, who felt the strongest affection toward Roosevelt. There were others, however, who felt that Roosevelt's policies were destroying the American system of government, and they opposed him in the same intense way that others admired him. In 1940 the Democrats nominated Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term. No president in American history had ever served three terms, but Roosevelt felt an obligation not to quit while the United States' entry into World War II was looming in the future. He accepted the nomination and went on to an easy victory. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. political aspects of Roosevelt's life B. problems during the Great Depression C. Roosevelt's upbringing D. criticisms of Roosevelt's actions 9 2. Which one of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Roosevelt was elected during the Great Depression. B. Roosevelt voted for Al Smith. C. Roosevelt had difficulty walking during his presidency. D. Roosevelt supported strong government powers. 3. The phrase "took action" in lines 10 is used to illustrate the idea that Roosevelt A. performed admirably B. exerted himself physically C. responded immediately D got assistance 4. As used in line 12, the phrase "little by little" means that Roosevelt A. opened the smaller banks first B. opened the banks for minimal services C. opened the banks a few at a time D. opened the bank for a short time 5. The word "full" in line 13 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. packed B. loaded C. overflowing D. complete 6. Where in the passage does the author discuss Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression? A. lines 1-6 B. lines 6-10 C. lines 10-16 D. lines 16-21 7. The word "affection" as used in line 14 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. fascination B. fondness 10 C. lure D. appeal 8. The word "unprecedented" in line 18 could best be replaced by A. unimportant B. unheard of C. unjustified D. unhampered 9. It can be inferred from the passage that the people who liked Roosevelt best were A. poor people B. bankers C. rich people D. average workers 10. In line 20, the author uses the word "looming" to indicate a feeling of A. reservation B. determination C. regrets D. threat Passage 2: questions 11-22 Martin Luther King, Jr., is well known for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them is his moving "I Have A Dream" speech. But fewer people know much about King's childhood. M.L., as he was called, was born in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at 5 the home of his maternal grandfather. M.L.'s grandfather, the Reverend A.D.Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in 1909, twenty years before M.L. was born. The Reverend Williams, an eloquent speaker, played an important role in the community since so many people's lives centered around the church. He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social 11 advancement of blacks. M.L. grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as a community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it. M.L.'s childhood was not especially eventful. His father was a minister and his mother was a musician. He was the second of three children, and he attended all- black schools in a black neighborhood. The neighborhood was not poor, however. Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to symbolize achievement for Atlanta's black people. It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers, and other black-owner blackoperated businesses and services. Even in the face of Atlanta's segregation, the district thrived. Dr. King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did he forget the racial prejudice that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites. 11. What is this passage mainly about? A. the prejudice that existed in Atlanta B. Martin Luther King's childhood C. M.L.'s grandfather D. the neighborhood King grew up in 12. The word "eloquent" in line 6 means most nearly A. powerful B. active C. romantic D. fascinating 13. The word "gathering" in line 10 could best be replaced by A. picking B. learning C. exciting D meeting 12 14. As used, the word "eventful" in line 12 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. valued B. memorable C. admirable D. emotional 15. In line 16, the word "it" refers to which of the following? A. achievement B. neighborhood C. segregation D. services 16. According to the author, blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the following businesses and services EXCEPT A. dentistry B. medicine C. law D. banking 17. The word "tailors" in line 17 describes people who are associated with which of the following trades? A. flower arranging B. shoe making C. garment making D. book binding 18. According to the author, King was influenced by A. community spirit B. black lawyers C. his mother D. his speeches 19. The word "thrived" in line 19 refers to which of the following? A. achieved 13 B. surrendered C. flourished D. held 20. As used in line 20, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "seemingly"? A. Apparently B. Inevitably C. Inexplicably D. Hastily 21. The word "mingling" in line 21 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. Interfering B. Gargling C. consuming D. associating 22. According to the author, M.L. A. had a difficult childhood B. was a good musician as a child C. loved to listen to his grandfather speak D. grew up in a relatively rich area of Atlanta Passage 3: Questions 23 – 28 Adam Smith thought up the principle of division of labor two centuries ago. Well, to be honest, he couldn't be said to have invented it; the principle was used by the ancient Egyptians to build the pyramids. He was however the person who put it down in writing and it became the classic principle on which the Industrial Revolution was based. Now, it's time for Adam to move over. Re-engineering has appeared and appears to be taking over from the old principles. If you want to make a good company a better one, you need re-engineering. The book by Michael Hammer and his co-author, Re-engineering the Corporations, 14 calls for radically changing the way most companies are run. No longer should work be divided into different tasks, but instead the whole process of work has to be reconceptualized. That is if a company wants to achieve more than an acceptable increase in productivity and profits. Today business is no longer a series of functions, but a process of work that requires a horizontal set-up. There should be team work. New procedures and new strategies should be continually established. Information technology must be fully utilized. Above all, production should be geared towards serving customers better and taking full advantage of new technologies. Re-engineering involves a totally new approach to business, one which if achieved will lead to steady, even sensational, improvements in performance and consequently in market share. 23. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Adam Smith B. The division of labor C. Corporations D. Re-engineering 24. What does the author imply about Adam Smith? A. That he was instrumental in helping start the Industrial Revolution. B. That he wrote the principle of the division of labor. C. That he created the principal on which the Industrial Revolution was based. D. That he wrote about the ancient Egyptians. 25. What doesn't re-engineering call for? A. The process of work should be re-conceptualized. B. Work should be divided into different tasks. C. The way companies are run should be changed. D Business should be managed in a different way. 26. What is the most important factor in re-engineering? A. Team work B. New strategies 15 C. Information technology D. The customer 27. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to re-engineering. A. It is too sensational. B. It is too new. C. It is extremely useful. D. It is too steady. Passage 4: Questions 28- 39 Langston Hughes was one of the greatest American writers of the twentieth century. He was born in Joplin, Missouri, and moved to Cleveland at the age of fourteen. Several years later he spent one year in Mexico before attending Columbia University in New York. For a few years after that he roamed the world as a seaman, visiting ports around the world and writing some poetry. He returned to the United States and attended Lincoln University, where he won the Witter Bynner Prize for undergraduate poetry. After graduating in 1928, he traveled to Spain and to Russia with the help of a Guggenheim fellowship. His novels include Not without Laughter (1930) and The Big Sea (1940). He wrote an autobiography in 1956 and also published several collections of poetry. The collections include The Weary Blues (1926), The Dream Keeper (1932), Shakespeare in Harlem (1942), Fields of Wonder (1947), One Way 15 Ticket (1947), and Selected Poems (1959). A man of many talents, Hughes was also a lyricist, librettist, and a journalist. As an older man in the 1960s he spent much of his time collecting poems from Africa and from African-Americans to popularize black writers. Hughes is one of the most accomplished writers in American literary history, and he is seen as one of the artistic leaders of the Harlem Renaissance, the period when a neighborhood that was predominantly black produced a flood of great literature, music, and other art forms depicting daily city life for African-Americans. 16 28. What is the main topic of this passage? A. the life of Langston Hughes B. the Harlem Renaissance C. African-American writers D. American twentieth-century writers 29. Where was Langston Hughes born? A. Spain B. New York C. Missouri D. North Carolina 30. The word "roamed" as used in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. Traveled B. Soared C. Floated D. Walked 31. As used in line 5, which of the following words could best replace the word "ports"? A. Islands B. Ships C. Friends D. Harbors 32. To which of the following movements might "Shakespeare in Harlem" refer to? A. the Civil War B. the Harlem Riots C. the Harlem Renaissance D. the Civil Rights Movement 33. What provided Hughes with assistance for his travel to Spain and Russia? A. his job as a reporter B. his career as a soldier 17 C. a literary fellowship D. a college study program 34. The word "talents" in line 13 could be replaced by which of the following? A. Desires B. Abilities C. Strategies D. Careers 35. According to the author, what did Hughes do during the later years of his life? A. write short stories B. popularize African-American writers C. advocate racial equality D. write about life in Harlem 36. Which of the following could best replace the word "accomplished" as used in line 16? A. successful B. prolific C. brilliant D. imaginative 37. The author uses the word "flood" in line 18 to refer to A. a drought B. an outpouring C. a cloudburst D. a streak 38. Which of the following can best substitute for the word "depicting" in line 19? A. congratulating B. blessing C. screening D. portraying 39. According to the passage, Langston Hughes was all of the following EXCEPT A. a novelist 18 B. a poet C. a historian D. a journalist 19