Tài liệu English phonetics and phonology

ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY Subject details Subject name English Phonetics and Phonology Units of credits 1,5 Prerequisite Listening-Speaking-Reading-Writing 4 Subject structure - Theory: 10 periods - Exercise: 8 periods - Discussion: 4 periods Suggested study commitment 60 periods of self-study Subject lecturer Lê Cao Hoàng Hà Contact details Email: [email protected] Cell phone: 0936158540 Course Content This course will focus on the following theoretical aspects: the production of speech, the classification of the English sounds, phonology: the sound patterns of English, the syllable, English word stress, aspects of connected speech, weak forms and intonation. Textbooks and reference books • Textbooks: 1. Phonetics by Peter Roach 2. English Phonetics and Phonology: A course book for students of the English Department by Ha Cam Tam • Reference books: 1. A course in Phonetics, 6th edition by Peter Ladefoged & Keith Johnson. SYLLABUS Session Contents Notes 1 Course introduction 2 periods 2 Phonetics and Phonology 2 periods 3 The Production of Speech 4 periods 4 The Classification of the English Sounds 4 periods 5 Phonology: The Sound Patterns Of Language 2 periods 6 The Syllable 2 periods 7 Word - Stress 2 periods 8 Aspects of Connected Speech 2 periods 9 Intonation 2 periods 10 Stop and check 1 periods Evaluation 1. Mid-term test (date decided by lecturer): 50% - Attendance & Participation: 15% - Group work: 10% - Homework: 5% - Test: 20% 2. Final test (date decided by academic training office): 50% CLASS RULES • • • • • Come on time Come prepared Come ready to participate One person speaks at a time No cell phone use during the lesson Chapter 1 Phonetics and Phonology 1. Phonetics and its branches 1.1. Phonetics: • Definition: Phonetics is the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived. • 3 aspects of speech sounds: - physiological - acoustic - auditory • 3 branches of phonetics: - articulatory phonetics - acoustic phonetics - auditory phonetics 1.2. Articulatory phonetics: (Production of speech sounds) - Articulation: Production of different speech sounds through the use of organs of speech - Articulators: + Passive articulators + Active articulators - Cavities: oral, nasal, pharyngeal - Vocal tract 1.3. Acoustic phonetics: (Transmission of speech sounds) - When a speech sound is produced, it causes minor air disturbances (sound waves). - Study/ measure characteristics of sound waves + Frequency: voices high & low + Intensity: voices loud & weak 1.4. Auditory phonetics: (Perception of speech sounds) e.g. A listener may perceive: - Different aspiration of /p/ in pit and tip - Difference in sound quality of /l/ in light and hill 2. Phonetics and Phonology • Phonetics is the study of speech sounds and the way in which they are produced. • Phonology is the study and identification of the distinctive units of sound in a language. e.g. Differences b/w /i:/ and /u:/ are the position of the tongue and the shape of lips. Phonology also studies: + word-word relations in sentences, how sound patterns combine e.g. give /giv/ him /him/ may combine into /givim/ + intonation patterns - RP (Received Pronunciation): Standard British accent Chapter II The Production of Speech 1. Speech chain A/ Speaker: B/ Listener: • Forming the idea in the • Sounds carried up to ears brain physical stage psychological stage • Ears transmit to brain • Brain gives orders to mouth physiological stage physiological stage • Brain decodes signals • Mouth starts working and -> recognize sounds producing sounds psychological stage physical/ acoustic stage 2. Speech mechanism 2.1. Lungs - The most usual source of energy for vocal activities - Pause articulation to refill the air 2. Speech mechanism 2.2. Larynx - In the upper part of the windpipe - Backward the Adam‟s apple 2. Speech mechanism 2.2. Larynx 2.2.1. Vocal cords (Vocal folds) - Made up from 2 thick flaps of muscle (like 2 lips) - Can be vibrated by the lung air. 2. Speech mechanism 2.2. Larynx 2.2.2. Glottis - 4 possible states: 2. Speech mechanism 2.3. Pharyngeal cavity Extending from: - top of larynx - past epiglottis - root of tongue - rear of soft palate