BQ MAO DUC DAO T30
D3I HQC THANG LONG
---o0o---
ICHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP
TIM HIEU NCH VI) GOOGLE MAP
XAY DIJSNG ffNG DIJNG CHIA SE VI TRi
VOI BAN BE TREN NEN TANG ANDROID
MAO VIEN HUONG DAN : Ths. Le Minh Tula
SINN VIEN THVC EltN :
Tan Trung
MA SINK VIEN
: A14986
CHUAN NGANH
: Khoa hue may tinh
HA NQI - 2014
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MVC LVC
1
LEI NOI DAU
CH1TONG 1. GIO.1 THI$U BAI TORN
VAI NET VE GOOGLEMAP
1.1.
1.2. NNONo GI GOOGLEMAP KHONG HO TROT
Tim SAO LAI CAN ONG DUNG CHIA SE VI lid?
1.3.
MOI THONG HOAT %NG
1.4.
1.4.1. Tai sao lai ding Android?
1.4.2. Google Map API la gi?
1.4.3. Server gamin 11 , hoot dong
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CH1U'ONG 2. GIOI THI$U HE DIEU HANH ANDROID-----..------ .....
ANDROID LA GI?
2.1.
LjCH Sll PRAT TRIEN
2.2.
2.2.1. Su ra dei cia Android
2.22. Ctic phien ban Android
KEEN TROC HE DIEU HANH ANDROID
2.3.
2.3.1. Linux Kernel
2.3.2. Libraries
2.3.3. Android Runtime
2.3.4. Application Framework
2.3.5. Application
fiNG DUNG THEN TIBET BI ANDROID
2.4.
2.4.1. 1VhOng gidi hpn cua thilt bi di Ong
2.4.2. Ngen ng9 lop trinh
2.4.3. Most truing hgp trinh
CHUVNG 3. TONG QUAN VE GOOGLE MAP API
GICsi THI$U VE GOOGLE MAP API
SO' DUNG GOGGLE MAP API
3.2.
3.2.1. cai d4t va arch ery Google Map API
3.3. CAC DOI WONG QUAN THONG WONG GOOGLE MAP API
3.1.
tuong ben db - The Map Object
13.1.
3.3.2. Marker
13.3. !Info Windows
CHITONG
4.
CHHONG TRINH 2FRIEND
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—16
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4.1.
GI& Tilleu BA1 TOAN
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4.2.
MOT s0 flu cAu COA BA1 ToAN
CAc nitre NANG cHINN
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31
4.3.
4.3.1. Chic ming &mg kyStai !chain
4.3.2. Chtic :tong demo MO
4.13. Chic ming xem ban do
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32
36
39
p
Chic ming xem vi tri mkt mink
4.14.
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4.15. Char ndng xem vi tri bon bi
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4.3.6. Chile nang nip nh4t t4 tri
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4.3. 7. Chtk mIng gui yiu cdu kit bon
4.3.8. Chic mkg xcic nIttrm yiu eau kit bon
53
4.3.9. Chtic ntIng tim ditimg din vi tri bon
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57
4.3.10.
Chile rating xem thong tin bon
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4.3.11.
Char ?tang giao tilp vol bon
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4.112.
Chic neng Miy kit bon.
69
4.3.13.
Chic ming Op MO thong tin cli ?them
72
4.3.14.
Chile :tang thay dal met khiu
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4.3.15.
Chic mIng (Yang mit
80
MQT SO VAN DE icHAc
4.4.
82
4.4.1. Kin di chi duir• ng - Direction API
82
4.4.2. Kin di dinh vi vi tri thiit bj
85
4.4.3. Kin di idn suit cdp nhtit de lieu
88
THIET KE cO set al LIEU
4.5.
4.11. M6 hinh quan hf
4.5.2. Cac bang ate !Nu
4.6.
KET LUAN VA DINH WANG PHAT TRIEN
4.6.1. Kit qua dot &or
4.6.2. Dinh Throng phcit Men
CH1UONG 5. PHU LOC - CODE MQT So alit NANG CHINH•
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5.1.1. Cher Wing deng kY tii khoint
94
5.11 Chtk ?tang ddng nhdp
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5.1.3. Chic ming hien tri vi tri bon
96
5.1.4. Chile :tang gut yiu cdu kit km
97
5.1.5. Char ming xac nhtin yiu cdu kelt bon
98
5.1.6. Chtec Mug dinh vi vj tri
100
11.7. Char tiling tim dventg din vi tri
101
5.1.8. Chile ?tang cdp Mule thong tin ca thin
105
5.1.9. Char nang thay doi mot khtiu
108
TAI LIEU THAM !CHAO
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110
DANII MVC HITNH ANH
Hinh 2-1: Cac thanh phen cila he dieu himh Android
11
Hinh 2-2: M8 hinh hqp tac gifts may io Dalvik vi Native code
11
Hirsh 3-1: Android SDK Manager
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Hinh 3-2: Cai det Google API
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HInh 3-3: Cai
Google API (tiep)
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Hinh 3-4: Import thu vien
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Hinh 3-5: Import thu vien (tiep)
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HIM 3-6: Bet Google Maps Android API v2
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Hinh 3-7: To API Key
20
Hin ► 3-8: Tao API Key 2
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HIM 3-9: Tao API Key 3
21
Hinh 3-10: Tao project m6i
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HInh 3-11: Them thu vien vio du an
23
H1nh 3-12: Infowindow thy Bien
28
HInh 4-1: Min hlnh kheri dOng
29
Hinh 4-2: Deng k, tai Ichoen med
35
Ifinh 4-3: Man hinh ding nhep
38
Hinh 4-4: Hien th1 ban de
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HInh 4-5: Dinh v1 va hien th1 vi tri ngtrbi dung
45
Hinh 4-6: Xem vita ban be
50
Binh 4-7: Giri yeu eau ket ban
56
Minh 4-8: 'Chong the girl them yeu cku
56
Hinh 4-9: Xic nhen yeu
ket ban
60
Hinh 4-10: Tim &Ong di den vj tri ban
62
Hinh 4-11: Xem thong tin ban
65
Binh 4-12: Giao tiep ved ban
68
Hinh 4-13: Hity kit ban (x6a ban)
71
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Hinh 4-14: Cep fillet thong tin ca Mien
75
Hinh 4-15: Thay doi mat khan
79
Hinh 4-16: Dinh vi bang sling di dOng
86
DANH MVC BANG BLEU
Bang 4-1: Cac each dinh vi vi tri
85
Bang 4-2: Bang Users
89
Bang 4-3: Bang Location
90
Bang 4-4: Bang Friendl
90
Bang 4-5: Bang Friend2
91
DANH MVC SO Del
So de 4-1: So
a Use - case
31
Sa do 4-2: Ding ky tai lchoan
32
So di). 4-3: Trish tkr Ding ky tai khan
33
So do 4-4: Ding Step
36
So do 4-5: Xem ban do
39
So d6 4-6: Xem vi tri cita minh
42
So do 4-7: Trish tv Xem vi tri cita minh
43
So d6 4-8: Xem vi tri bon be
47
So do 4-9: Trish tir Xem vi tri bon be
48
Scr do 4-10: Giri yeu citu ket bon
54
So de 4-11: Xac nhe ► yeu cam ket bon
58
So do 4-12: Giao flip veri bon
66
So de 4-13: Huy ket ban
69
Scr de 4-14: Thay doi thong tin ca nhhn
73
So de 4-15: Thay den met khau
77
So de 4-16: Ring xuat
80
So do 4-17: Ma hinh der lieu quan he
89
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Lin NOIMu
Sau met thai gian hoc tap va tim hieu clued sq turemg dart cua cac thay ca, em dA
hoan thanh khOa Juan tot nghiep cua minh. Em xin than thanh gui led cam an den cac
thay c8 giao b0 mon Tin hoc tru?mg Doi hoc ThAng Long dA huOng din va giOp der em
trong qua With em hoc 6 twang. Em xin dac biet girl leri cam an den thay Le Minh
Than dd htremg din em thuc hien Mt& luon bet nghiep. Sau khi holm thanh luan vim
dm mink, em cam thay minh dA to tin han vai kien thi cda minh, tuy nhien em cam
thay minh vin can rat nhieu thieu s6t can phai hoc tap de bel sung kien thiic. MOt lean
nera em xin chin thanh cam an cac thiy co QA giup der em trong suet qua trinh em hoc
tap 6 trutmg Doi hoc ThAng Long.
Trong cuOc sting hien doi ngay nay, tong nghe phat trien math me gin') con
ngtrei clang thuc hien duqc Miring c8ng viec ma truerc day twang nhu rat kh6 Ichtin.
Sr phat trien cua phuong tien giao thong gitip chang ta di co the bay cao has, di xa
has va nhanh ham. Tut' ninon kid slat chin den met quec gia khac, met thanh phO Idkic
hay don gian chi la met con phO lin du bon slat chin den, neu 'thong c6 ban da thi
a
viec tim dubng se kha kh6 Ichtin. Thubng thi bon se phE vita di vira heti dubng, hoac
tim met cira hang gin shat c6 ban ban do. Viec de cling Icha the vi, n6 se cho ban cam
giac Icham pha met mien diet mai, tuy nhien n6 cling ton Idd nhieu thbi gian quY bau
dm bon, nhat la neu ban la doanh titan dang c6 c8ng viec quan tong. D6 chinh la Mc
ban can den su h8 trq ci5a Cling nghe thong tin.
CEng nghe th8ng tin dA phat trien het sirc mash me trong nherng Mtn gin day.
Ngay nay bon c6 the tre chuyen, chia se hInh anh vai nhOng ngutri bon, ngueri than
trong gia dlnh 6 Ichoang cach nua vemg trai slat hay xa ham nera, giteg nhu ban dang
tr6 chuyen vai mot ngued a ngay wit minh vay. CO the nal ding nghe phi trien dA
dem con ngutri lei gin nhau has. KhOng chi c6 vay, cac chuang trinh ling dung dm
dimg has. Kh8ng can bit dean
Cling nghe thong tin con el, con ngtred c6 cuOc sting
vet s6 sach nhu truac, hien nay tat ca dA 6 the luu tren may vi tinh veri met thiet bj
luu ter vo cling nhet gm. Han the 'Oa vai met s6 chuong trinh dit tien, chung ta con
duqc h8 trq ca viec hooch djnh phuang huerng phat trien cho doanh nghiep. fly can
a
yen de di neu 6 tren? Lieu CEng nghe th8ng tin c6 gulp gi thing ta tong viec tim
dubng di lei khi den met not ma ta Ich8ng bier? KhOng phai Mc nao ta cling mang theo
Laptop hay may vi fish, viec di chuyen you ciu ta mang theo thiet bj she gon. D6
chinh la met ling ch,mg cfm chuong trinh ban do tren thiet bj di dOng thong mirth.
Thiet bj di dOng thong mirth khong can qua xa lo vai chimg ta. D6 chinh la Dien
thoai th8ng mirth — Smartphone — hay may tinh bang — Tablet. NhOng thiet bj di dOng
de c6 kich thuerc cling nhu tong luqng rho han nhieu so vai mot chiec Laptop. Giao
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dien de clang sir dung han, Chao tic bing cam Ong tien lqi han va khong phi thuec vito
cac thiet bj di kern Ichac. Han the ars, thief bj di Ong sir dung nen tang phi bien nhu
Android, IOS sb hau met kho img dung kiting 16. Chic hin ban dang to hei ring vei
kho img dung len nhir vay thl chic chin se c6 Stung img dkuig kern chat lugng, hay
cen gqi la "rac", veay lam sao met ngued dung birth thtrbng c6 the phan biet duqc? Cau
tra lbi la ban hay yen Lim ve chat Itrqng ciut kho Ong dung Android hay LOS. Bei vi di
c6 met (lei ngil uy tin giep to kiem duyet Ong dung truck khi duqc dua len kho Ong
ch,mg chung. Han the nem dii v6i met nen tang ce nhieu ngubi sir dung ban dm duqc
h6 trq bei chinh nhibig ngtroi dimg truer de. DO chinh la sue manh cea ceng ding
ding ngh'e.
Tref lai ved yin de chink, ling dung nao glop db to tiet kiem thbi gian tong vies
tim dubng? D6 chinh la CEng dung ban d6 tren diet bj di dung. Hien nay met chiec
dien thoai thong minh ma kh8ng ce chuang trinh ban d6 thi khe ce the gqi la "thong
minh". Hoic vi met 19 do nao Q6 nha sin xuit luqc bet img dung de, thi viec tien
ngueri ding lam khi se tau met chiec dign thoai th8ng minh de la tai img dung ban d6.
O phan sau t8i se de cap den met ling dung ban di rat phi bien, c6 the nOi la t6t Mat
hien hay, de chinh la GoogleMap.
Chinh nhUng nhting 19 do tren da tao Ong luc cho em tim hieu va xay dung img
dung chia se vi tri tren nen tang Android sir dung ban di Google Map. Chi tiet ye du
an nay em se With bay b nhemg phlin sau.
Chuang 1: Geri thieu bai toan
Chuang 2: Gioi thieu he dieu lulnh Android
Chuang 3: Ting quan ve GoogleMap API
Chuang 4: Chuang With 2Friend
Chuang 5: Phu lye: Code met s6 chi= Ming chinh
Tii lieu tham
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CHVONG 1. Glen THISU BAI TORN
1.1. Vai net ve GoogleMap
Nhu citing ta da biet, bit chip suy thoai kinh te, nganh ding nghe thong tin van
dang phat trien v6i mot toe dg cheng m$t. Trong thbi gian gin day danh diu sy phat
trien rat manh cua cac thiet bj dien thoai thong mirth (Smartphone). MOt trong nhung
(mg dung quart tong nhAt va co the nal la "khan the thieu" d6 chinh la ang dung ban db.
Ban d6 GoogleMap duqc xay dung ben ceng ty Google bang the hinh anh vg tinh
va viec di tim hieu throng ph6 thuc te. C6 mot so than vien cfra Google duqc tra ltrang
cao voi c8ng viec dap xe dap c6 gin thiet bj cita Google de ghi lai va chyp anh dutmg
ph6. Cong viec nay ton rat nhieu thbi gian, nhung nha d6 ma ban d6 GoogleMap co dO
chinh xac rat cao va nhOt fit thutmg xuyen. ling dung Maps hay chinh la
GoogleMap gulp ngutri dung c6 the sir dung ban d6 nay trong viec tim duang di. 6
phart sau toi se gieri thieu ky han ve ung dung thy.
1.2. Nhftng gl GoogleMap khong ht) trq?
DOng hanh v6i su phat trien cfut ding nghe, new nay each con ngubi giao tiep
cling di kit di. ChAng ta khong chi chia se hinh anh, loi nei, van ban ma yeti thiet bj
di dOng thong mirth ta con c6 the chia se ca vi tri ciut mink. Cac thiet bj di dOng thong
mirth hau het deu tich hqp tinh nang GPS — gitip djnh vi Nei tri sir dung tin hieu vg tinh.
Ngoai cac eh& nang co ban ma GoogleMap da cung cap nhtr tim dtrimg, chi
dutmg, dieu huang... co mot chirc nang quan trong khac ma GoogleMap da dimg
trq da la firth nang chia se vi tri vUi ban be, ngutri than(Google Latitude). Chinh dieu
nay da thitc dAy ten xay dung mot (mg dung chia se vj tri ban be teen Google Map.
1.3. Tai sao lqi cAn ting dyng chia se vj tri?
Nhu ta da thAy, co se dft lieu de luu aft da lieu ban d6 ctia ca the giOi la rat 1611,
hay c6 the not la v8 cling lon. Chic chin khong the nao luu trtt tit ca cac dia diem, cac
nha hang, dja danh tren ban d6 duqc. Cho du Google co co ging lam dieu do thi dft
lieu se khong the cOp nhOt thu?mg xuyen, trir khi moi khu ph6 tren the giei deu co than
vien cita Google. Chinh vi v$y thing ta co the S thanh mot ngtrtri clang tot bung,
bang each giam di ganh n$ng rill* dja diem cho Google. Chang ta c6 the to cop
nhOt vi tri cilia minh. Tuy nhien, khong phiti bit tit ai, bit cir lac nao ta cling mutin chia
se vj tri cfta minh. Doi khi ta chi mut% chia se yen ngutri than trong gia dinh, hay bon
be ma then... Con nhieu van de !chic nfta, nhung da chinh la ljf do de WI xay dung
chuong trinh nay.
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1.4. Mei truirng boat (long
Chuang trinh nay se &gm xay dvng tren he dieu hanh Android — MOt nen dang
phat trien rat manh tren cac thiet bj di dOng — vi sir dtmg Google Map API.
1.4.1. Tgi sao ding Android?
Android la mOt hg dieu hanh ma nguan ma, chlnh vi the nen ne duqc phit trien
rat da dang theo nhieu hue ng khic nhau. ChInh dieu da da &rip cho cac nhi sin xuAt
clang hon tong viec cho ra nhUng sin pham het sirc da ding, gifip
thiet bi di ding
Android c6 s6 ngteri sir dyng kh6ng 16. Ben milt 46 gii thanh mOt thiet bi Android
ding re hon thiet bj chay IOS hay Window phone ma firth ruing yin kitting he thua kern.
a
1.4.2. Google Map API la gi?
Google Map API li mOt Giao dien 1#p trinh img clang do Google cung cap. NO
glop cho lap trinh vien c6 the sir citing chinh bin d6 cua Google de xay citing img dung
cila mirth. Tuy nhien khong phii tat ca the firth rang cua Google Map day di dau duce
cung at) a day, chinh vi the ngubi 18p trinh vien phii tim each sir clang th$t Idiot) leo
de giai quyet cac van de bii toin (tat ra. Chi tiet ve Google Map API se duct de Op a
pitan sau.
1.4.3. Server qudn ly hogt Ong
M#c da Google Map API cung cap cho to mOt ban dO tuong d61 hoin chink,
nhung da chi li img dtmg ben phut ngubi dung. De ling Mpg c6 the hoat ding can c6
mOt Server. Server nay c6 nhiem vµ luu thong tin tai khoin cua ngubi dimg, luu v1 tri
ngubi dimg vi thvc hien mOt so chirc niing khic.
Server nay can ducm via bang mOt non net ph6 bien vi khong phv thuOc vio
hg dieu birth, da chinh la nein ngft Java. Server khong an c6 giao dien 46 hoa, chi co
nhiem vv nh#rt yeu tau tir phia thiet bj kith, zir ly vi tri ve ket qui. Tuy nhien, da la
ding viec cim ngu&i 1#p trinh, ngubi sir clang img citing nay khong an quan tam server
lam gi ma chi can thao tic tren thiet bj dm mirth.
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CHUONG 2. GIefITHIEU a DIEU HANH ANDROID
2.1. Android la gi?
Android la melt Hg dieu !Anti dinh cho cac thiet bj di dOng nhu dien thoai thong
minh hay may tinh bang. Android duqc xay dung Iron nen tang Linux va sir dung nem
ng0 Java.
Ban du, Android duqc phat trien boi TOng cong ty Android vii str ho trq tai
chinh cua Google. VI° Min 2005, Google di chinh that mua lai ding ty nay. Tuy
nhien vao theri diem da Android van chug duct ra met. Den aim 2007 Android mai ra
mit cling yeti tuyen b6 thanh lip Lien minh thiet bj elm tay ma: mOt hiep hOi g6m cac
ding ty phan mem, phAn ming va vien th8ng yeti mac tieu day math cac tieu chuan ma
cho cac thiet bi di dOng. Thief bj du tier chug Android duqc ban ra thing 10 mitn 2008.
Android la he dieu hanh c6 ma nguln ma va Google phat hanh ml nguln theo
gily phip Apache — mOt giay phep kW:Mg c6 nhieu rang butjc. Chinh dieu nay di glop
cho cac nha san xuet thiet bj, mpg di dOng va cat lelp trinh vien duqc dieu chinh va
phan phOi Android mOt cach tar do. Tinh den thed diem thing 10 niun 2012 — 4 Titan
sau khi thiet bj Android du tien duqc cong b6, di ce khoing 700.000 img dung tren
Android, va s6 luqt tai ting dung tree elm hang 'ring dung Google Play &cc tinh khoang
25 ti luqt.
Chinh nhUng uu the nhu v1y ma Android di fret that nen tang dien thoai di
dOng thong minh phO bier nhit the gi6i, vtrqt qua Symbian vao quy bOn nim 2010.
Android duqc cac c8ng ty c8ng nghe sir dung khi h9 an mOt hg dieu Minh khong mItng
ne, c6 kha ning tinh chinh va gia thenh r8 chay tren cac thiet bj cong nghe cao. Ket
qua la mic du duqc thiet ke de chay tren then thoai, may tinh bang, Android di xuit
hien tren nhieu thiet bj khac nhu TV, may chai game va nhieu thiet bj 'chic.
Tinh den tit diem quy ba nam 2012, Android di chiem den 75% thj phlin dien
thoai thong minh tren town the giai. CO tong cong 500 trieu thiet bj di &Km kich hos
va 1,3 trieu luqt kich host moi ngay. St; thanh c8ng cim hg dieu hanh nay cling Man
ne frac thanh muc tieu trong the Ai hen lien quan den bAng phat minh, hay can gui la
"cuOc chien dien thoai thong rninh" gift cac c8ng ty ding nghe.
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2.2. Lich sir phit tries
2.2.1. Sy! ra del cues Android
Tang Gang ty Android (Android, Inc.) duqc thanh lap tai Palo Alto, California
vao thing 10 nAm 2003 beri Andy Rubin (thing sang lap ding ty Danger), Rich Miner
(clang sang lap Tang cong ty Vien thong Wildfire), Nick Sear (timg 11 PM giam doc
T-Mobile), va Chris White (truing thiet ke va giao dien tai WebTV) de phat trier, theo
to i cita Rubin, "cic thiet bi di &mg thong minh han c6 the biet duqc vi tri va se( thich
cita ngubi dimg". DV nhang ngutri thanh lap vi shin vien deu la 'tang ngubi c6 tieng
am, Tang cong ty Android boat dOng met each Am thim, chi tiet 10 r&ng hq dang lam
phan mem (lath cho din thoai di dOng. Trong nAm do, Rubin het kinh phi. Steve
Perlman, mOt ngubi ban than cita Rubin, mang cho Cog 10.000 USD tien mat nhtmg tit
ch&
. tham gia vao cong ty.
Tang cong ty Android duqc Google mua lai vao ngay 17 thing 8 nAm 2005, bien
n6 thanh met be phan trvc thutic Google. Sau thucmg vv nay, nliimg nhan vien chit
chat dm Tang cong ty Android An tiep tic a lai cong ty lam viec. Vao thbi diem da
kitting c6 nhieu th8ng tin ve cong ty Android, nhtmg dA co nhang loci clan rang Goolge
dir tinh tham gia thi trutmg thiet bi di dung sau buem di nay. Tai Google, them do
Rubin dung du dA phat triers met nen tang thiet bi di dOng tren nen nhan Linux.
Google quing bi nen tang nay cho the nha sin xuid dien thoai va cac mang vien thong
ding 16i him se cung cep mOt he thong linh hoot va c6 !chi nang Wang cap. Google dA
lien he vii hang loaf hang phan cling ding nhu dai tic phan mem.
Ngay 5 thing 11 nAm 2007, lien minh thiet bi cam tay ma, hay con gqi la Open
Handset Alliance, met hiep Mit gem nhieu cling ty trong de c6 Texas Instrusments, tap
doan Broadcom, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, tap doan Marvell Technology, Motorola,
Nvidia, Qualcom, Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel va T-Mobile duqc thanh lap
shim mac Bich phat tries cac tieu chuAn ma cho thiet bi di Ong. Cling chinh thbi
diem de, Android cling duqc ra mit yeti vai tr6 la san phatt n Mu tien ciza Lien minh.
Chiec di'en thoai chay Android du tien duqc ban ra la HTC Dream, chay tren nen tang
nhAn Linux phien ban 2.6, phat hanh ngay 22 thing 10 aim 2008. Su trtmg cita
Android la met con Robot mau xanh la coy do hang thiet ke Irina Blok tai California ye.
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2.2.2. Cdc Alen bdn Android
a. Android 1.0
Ra mat: 23 thing 11 nom 2008.
Android 1.0 rat nguyen sa, tich hap sin khi rang deng bO der lieu yeti cac djch vu
trqc tuy'en aim Google nhu Gmail, Google Calendar va Contacts, mot trinh phat media,
hit trq Wi-Fi va Bluetooth, thanh tang thai hien thi cac thong bao img dung va mot
img dung chap anh (camera) tuy chua cho phip thay doi dt) phan giai va chat luqng
anh nhu cac thiet bi ngay nay.
HTC Dream la don smartphone thucmg mai ding Android du tien v6i kieu
Bang tract kem ban phim vet lg. Phien ban Android 1.0 chua duqc Google ct(ft ten, do
truck 46 ten g9i Astro Boy hay Bender.
b. Android 1.1
Ra mat: 9 dying 2 nom 2009.
Ben quilt so phien bitn, Google da bit diu dua he thong ten g9i vio cac phien
ban Android. Tuy chua chinh thirc itp dung nhtmg Android 1.1 da c6 ten Petit Four.
Kitting bao gem nhieu tinh rang, phien ban nay be sung mitt so chirc ming meri cho
Google Maps Men thi chi tier hart, ban phim a° g9i dien thoai da c6 the hien thi hoc
An Mil gqi, chucmg trinh SMS cho OCT ngubi dung luu tap tin dish kern. Android 1.1
sirs mot s6 loi trong Android 1.0.
c. Android 1.5 Cupcake
Ra mitt: 30 thing 4 !Am 2009.
Cupcake, ten diu tien ip dung cho phien ban Android. Cupcake mang nhieu tinh
nang meri nhu ban phim io c6 kha Wing chr loan tir dang go, tir dien tir nger do ngutti
dung at ra, ho trq widget tren man hinh chink, quay phim va phat lai video clip, luqc
sir then gian cuOc goi, the 40 to d'Ong xoay man hinh theo hueing sir dung (screen
rotation). TrInh duy'e't web trong Cupcake c6 them kha nang sao chop va dan.
Ngoii ra, phien ban nay cho phep ngutti dimg hien tit hinh brill trong danh ba,
mot diem thu vi ma hku het ngtroi dimg dien thoai di dOng muon c6. Man hinh chuyen
tei va hinh anh khi khoi 4Ong may duqc lam m6i.
d. Android 1.6 Donut
Ra mat: 30 thing 9 nam 2009
Donut nang cap cac chirc nang trong phien ban Cupcake, met Ong chirc rang tim
kiem bing giqng n6i va ky to den bookmark va danh ba. Android Market tit thanh
kho img dung chinh de nguiti &mg tim kiem va xem cac img dung Android. !ling dung
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chyp anh va quay phim trong Donut nhanh hen. Hg dieu birth ho trq man hinh cep 40
phan giai 16n ham, huOng den clic the hg smartphone min hinh km.
e. Android 2.0 Eclair
Ra mat: 26 thing 10 nam 2009.
Chi sau gin mOt than ra mat Donut (Android 1.6), Google tung ra Eclair, phien
ban dugc nhan djnh la buck di len dm he dien hinh nay.
Eclair c6 rat nhieu chi tien, tit giao dien den (mg dung ben trong he' thOng. Ung
dyng chyp anh tang cubng them chitc nang zoom (phang to), can bang trAng, ha trq
den flash va cac hieu img mau sic.
th0ng hoat dOng On djnh hen, cal thien kha nang xit 1Y, hi5 tug ket not
Bluetooth tot hen, dac biet thy chcon ding hi) nhieu tai 'Moan. Met diem thuan tien
dugc danh gia cao lac bay gib la giao dien danh ba cho phep nhan chgn vac' mOt anh
danh ba de g9i, nhan tin hay email den hq. Giao dien img dyng Lich bleu (Calendar)
He
cung dugc thay dOi.
Eclair IA phien ban Android du tien ha trq anh nen dOng (live wallpaper). Tuy
nhien thy chqn nay tieu ten kha nhieu pin vi titi nguyen may.
f. Android 2.2 Froyo
Ra mat: 20 thing 5 nam 2010.
Tir phien bin 2.0 tro di, Android &I din hoan thien hen. Phie'n bitn 2.2 (Froyo)
duce tich hqp Adobe Flash, keo theo hang lottt img dyng va game. ND:raj dung ding
c6 the xem video clip nen Flash nhu YouTube va "ra lenh" thyc hien cube goi qua ket
net Bluetooth.
MOt chic nang mai trong Froyo dugc them ngubi dimg luu dOng yeu thich IA
USB Tethering va Wi-Fi Hotspot, thin chiec smartphone Android thanh thiet bj phat
sang Wi-Fi to ket net 3G. Tinh tiling nay dugc sit dyng rat phi) hien den ngay nay.
Len diu tien Android cho phep chi dat img dyng (app) len the nher SD thay vi
mac djnh chi ngay vac' b0 nher trong cita diet bj. MOt chitc nang mei cita Froyo do la
mat khau di ha trq se va chit se. Thiet bj du den mang nhan Froyo ra mat thj trubng
la HTC Nexus One.
g. Android 2.3 Gingerbread
Ra mat: 6 thing 12 nam 2010.
Den cuOi am 2012, Gingerbread yin dang duce sit dung eon rat nhieu thiet bj
dimg Android, chiem den hen mOt nira (54%). Google hqp tic Samsung trinh lang
dong smartphone diu tien sit dyng Gingerbread mang ten Nexus S, ha trq cong nghe
giao tiep tam gin NFC.
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Gingerbread dua vao he th6ng met ceng oar quart 15r tai tip tin, cho phep theo dei
va truy xuit den cac tip tin da tai ye may. He thong nay hiS trq nhieu camera cho cac
thiet bj c6 camera mit sau va trtrac, quan 15r nguton pin hieu qua han, fiat kiem thin
ltrang pin. Phien ban nay khic phuc !chi nhieu loi tir Froyo, kern theo met so dieu
chinh trong giao dien ngtroi dung.
h. Android 3.0 Honeycomb
Ra mot: 22 thing 2 nrun 2011.
Day Hiring chi la met phi'en ban, ma ce the xem la met the he Android du tien
anti rieng cho may tinh bang (tablet), ra mot cling tablet Motorola XOOM.
Mang nhemg firth nang tir the he Android 2.; Android 3.0 cal tien giao dien phit
hqp veri each sir dung may tinh bang, ban phim ao than alien han, h8 trq xir 13 , da the
vu (multi-tasking), cho phdp chuyen doi qua lei cac ling dung dang cling chay. Kherng
chi c6 be mit dirge trau chu6t, phin lei he then c6 the cal tien ttrcmg thich yeti plan
ding nhu hO trq chip xir ljr (CPU) da I8i, tang toe plan ding...
Android 3.0 dit nen meng quan trong cho the he Android 4.x hqp nhAt, 'chic
phuc stir phan mang cila Android (c6 cac phien ban rieng danh cho smartphone vi tablet).
i. Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich
Ra mot: 19 thing 10 nam 2011.
"Ice Cream Sandwich" (ICS) la the he Android dirge mong dqi nhit den nay, ra
dtri ding ding smartphone bom ten Samsung Galaxy Nexus, the hg smartphone diu
ten sir dung ICS.
Android 4.0 dua chirc nang truy xuat nhanh cac ling dung thutmg dung vao phir'
ben duOi giao dien chit, thy bien widget, sip xep vi duyet danh sach ung dung hon.
a
Cac img dung a c6 the truy xuit nhanh tir man hinh khOa thiet bi (Lock screen), vao
thtri diem d6 cac hang san xuAt thiet bj chi mai cho phep Camera ce the chan nhanh tir
Lock screen. Ice Cream Sandwich host dOng muqt ma, nhanh va dpp han cac phial
ban fru& d6.
j. Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
Ra mit: 9 thing 7 nam 2012.
May tinh bang Nexus 7, san phim hqp the gins Google va Asus, lit thiet bj diu
tien sir dung Jelly Bean. Android 4.1 'Ling dm hog dOng cho he dieu hanh dua
Google, tit thenh he dieu hanh cho thiet bj di dOng hang diu hien nay, de daa ca "8ng
lan" Windows.
KM ring sip xep giao dien chit va widget tong Jelly Bean c6 !dui nang thy bien
cao va rat linh hoot. He thong hO trq dich vu vi dien to Google Wallet, dic biet trinh
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duyet web mac djnh trong Android duqc thay the bt5i dai dien ten tan: Chrome, yeti
kha neng dOng ba du lieu theo tai khoin vai ban Google Chrome tren may tinh.
k. Android 4.2 Jelly Bean
Ra mat: 29 thang 10 nem 2012.
Chi sau gen nem thang ra mat Android 4.1, Google nep tyc tang cep cho
Android vii phien ban 4.2 va vin mang ten Jelly Bean.
Android 4.2 tiep tpc mang den nhfing cai tien hap din cho (mg ch,mg chop inh
(Camera) Sur HDR, Photo Sphere, hieu (mg link Google Now, dua tinh nen luta
chqn to rat hay trong ban phim so. Chirc rang ho trq nhieu tai Idioan ngutri dimg Ian
dau tien duqc ap thing trong Android 4.2 nhung chi c6 ngutti den may tinh bang thin
huerng chile rang nay.
1. Android 4.3 Jelly Bean
Ra tat: 24 than 7 nem 2013.
Android 4.3 Iii la mot fling cep non cua phien ban mang ten Jelly Bean. Phi'en
ban nay hi) them tinh nang Bluetooth rang luqng thip, OpenGL ES 3.0, tit) , chqn Wifi
luSn bat, hi trq ngon ngit doe tit phai sang trai...
Vii phien ban dui ba mang ten Jelly Bean, Android dang din hoan thien han, yeti
nheng tinh neng mai, Android hila hen se thu but nhieu ngay cang ngutri sit dung.
m. Android 4.4 KitKat
Ra mat: 31 thing 10 nem 2013.
Mac du rat nhieu nguiti de do doin phien ban Android mei c6 ten gqi "Key Lime
Pie" trong suOt mot thei gian dai, Google de cho ra mat phien ban 4.4 vii ten gqi
KitKat. Android 4.4 KitKat bao gem rat nhieu ruing cap trong he thOng va (mg ch,mg,
nhung diem net bat that ciia phien ban nay de la he try cac thiet bj co cau firth that)
hot. KitKat yeu eau be the tei thieu (RAM) chi la 512 MB, giiip cho cac thiet bj cAu
clang.
hinh thep c6 the thing cap va trai nghiem mot cach
a
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2.3. Kien true 14 diet' birth Android
Applications l
Applications Famework
to chuc Ling Liumi
Android Runtime
Libraries IH;1
(Thai
'Tan chay Ar droith
Linux Kernel '.
HIM 2-1: Ctic think pkin csia kf dl kink Android
2.3.L Lima Kernel
DOi vei nhCmg phien ban truer, Android duct xay dung teen 130 than Linux 2.6
cho nheng djch vg cot lei nhu security, memory management, process management,
network stack, driver model. BO than nay lam tillitm vu nhu mOt lap trung gian ktt
not pith' ring thiet bj ya phan *rig dung.
time
Anima('
NDK
apps
Android
SDK
241
apps
Android app framework
Standard libraries
Mink 2-2: M6 kink kw tic gilta may do Dalvik vi Native code
JNI: Java Native Interface (Tuang ty Ichai nitm Application Programming
Interface) la mOt 13 0. framework cho phi!) ma lOnh vitt bang Java chay ten may ao java
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11
c6 the goi hoc duqc gqi boi met ung dung viet bing native code ((m g dung duqc viet
cho met phAn ding cu the va tren met he dieu !faith cu the) !mac nhUng be thu vien
viet bing C, C++ hoc Assembly.
Bang cfich sir dung NI, Android cho ph6p cac ling dung chay tren may ao
Dalvik c6 the sir dung nhfing phucmg thirc ductc viet bang cac ng6n ngft cep thAp nhu:
C, C++, Assembly. Qua de cac nha phat trien ling dung ca the xay dung ling dung dua
ten cac be thu vien viet bing C, C++, Assembly 'them tang Mc de thuc thi cim ling
dung hoc sir dung ntrang firth nang mirc thep ma non ngft Java Ichong hie trq. Tuy
nhien ngtrai phat trien ling dung an phai can nhac su gia tang de phirc 4p cim ling
dung khi quyet djnh sir (king cac be thu vien nay.
2.3.2. Libraries
Day la be cac thu vien xay dung nen cac chirc nang chinh dm Android
System C library: Day la tOp cac thu vien he thong. Thu vien nay duqc viet
bang ngon ngft C, C++ chuen c6 the pi duqc thong qua giao dien Java
Media FrameWork: Day la be thu vien h6 trq trinh dien va ghi cac djnh dung
am thanh, hinh anh phe bien.
Surface manager: Quan ly hien thj nei dung 2D va 3D. Cho ph6p tvo cac ciza
so giao
OpenGL: HO trq xay dung ling clung de hqa 2D va 3D.
- SSL: Cung cap chile nang bao inOt cho fiat bi
SGL: Engine he trq M hqa 2D.
Free Type: HO trq cac Font Bitmap va vector
SQLite: Met co sir du lieu nhe gqn va mph me. Cung cep be may co s6 du
lieu duqc nhimg trong thiet bj.
Webkit: Ho trq hien thj nei dung website.
2.3.3. Android Runtime
He dieu hanh Android tich hqp sin met top hqp the thu vien cot 16i, cung cep
heu het cac chirc rang. Mqi ling dung ciut Android chay tren met tien trinh cua rieng
n6 cling v6i met the hien cim may ao Dalvik. May ao Dalvik thuc to la met bien the
dm may ao Java duqc sira Mi, be sung cac cling nghe dOc tnrng cim thiet bi di Mug.
NO duqc xay dung veri intic dich lam cho cac thiet bj di (king c6 the chay nhieu may k
met cach hieu qua.
Tnrem khi chay, mei ling dung Android deli duqc convert thanh file thuc thi Arai
QM dm nen Dalvik Executable (.dex). Dinh long nay duqc thiet ke de phi hqp veri
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cac thiet bj han the ve b0 :the sung nhu toe do xi 1), . Ngoai chic flan ke tren, may lo
Dalvik cem sir dung b0 nhan Linux de cung cap cac tinh rang nhu thread, low-level
memory management.
2.3.4. Application Framework
Tang nay cia hg dieu hanh Android cung cap mot nen tang phat trien img dung
ma qua (16 cho phep cac lap trinh vien, cac nha phat trien img dung ci kha fling tao ra
cac img dung vo cling sang tao va phong phi. Cac rata phat trien (mg dung duqc to do
sir dung cac tinh nang cao cap ctla diet bj phan cing nhu: thong tin dinh vj dia 1ST, kha
nang chay djch vu cluth ne'n, thiet lip dOng h0 bao thic, them notification vao status
bar cia man hinh thiet
Ngubi phat trien img dung duqc phdp sir dung day di b0 API duqc dimg tong
cac img dung Itch hqp sin cia Android. Kien trim img dung cia Android duqc thiet ke
nham muc dich don gian h6a viec tai sir dung cac thanh phan. Qua d6 bat Id (mg dung
nao ding ci the cong b6 cac tinh thing ma ne mu6n chia se cho cac img dung khac
(VD: Ong dung email c6 muon cac img dung khac c6 the sir dung tinh ring gin mail
cia n6). Phucmg phap tucmg to cho phep cac thanh phan co the duqc thay the ben
ngubi sir dung.
Tang nay bao g6m met top cac services va fininh phan sau:
- View System: Ding de xay dung img dung c6 cac d6i ttrqng giao dien nhu
list, grid, texbox, button... hay ci the thing met trinh duyen web vio irng
dung.
- Content Provider: Cho phep cac img dung c6 the truy xuAt do lieu tar the *rig
dung khic hoc chia se der lieu giera ching.
- Resource Manager: Cung cap kha ring truy 'mat cac tai nguyen nhu hinh
anh hoac file giao dien (Layout).
- Notification Manager: Cung cap Idyl tiling hien thj thong bio tren thanh trang
thiti (Status bar).
- Activity Manager: Day la thanh plan quart trqng nhat, n6 giip img dung
quitn ly Ong dbi cia met Activity.
- Telephony Manager: Cung cap thu vien de truy neat den cac djch vu dien
thoai hay thong tin thug bao cia ngubi ding.
- Location Manager: Cung cap thu vien h6 trq ngubi ding dinh vj this& bj dua
tren GPS hoac mpg Ichong day witY3G.
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2.3.5. Application
Tang nay chinh la tang china cac img dung duct phut trien boi !Op trinh vi'en, the
nha phut trien phan mem. Ngoai met s6 img clung duqc Android tich hqp s&n nhu
email, SMS, trinh duyet web, danh ba... thi ngiteri dimg c6 the de dung cai dOt them
cac Ung dung tin Google Play hay cac chq Ung di,mg Ichac.
2.4. ling dyng tren that b$ Android
2.4.1. Nhfing gldi hgn crra thiit 14 di ding
Mk di' cac thiet bj di dung thong minh c6 the thuc hien nhnng chin Ming tucmg
to nhu met chiec may tinh nhu chay da nhiem, xis 19 de hqa... Nhung thuc chat de van
la met thiet N vOi be nher va pin c6 hon. Ta c6 the dtly mph hieu suet hour dung cue
thiet bj len, tuy [Alien dieu de loi clang nghia vOi viec tieu Mn nhieu dien nAng va tai
nguyen ham, lam gilan then gian sir dung thiet N. Chinh vi the, khfic veri trinh img
dung tren may tinh thong thueng, Mil viet ling dung tren thiet bj di &Ong to can chi' 9
den nhUng gied hen sau:
- Kha rang xir 19, c6 hart
- BO nher co hon
- Pin co gieri hon
- Nen tang hg dieu hanh lchac nhau
- Thanh phAn phan cling khac nhau
- Kich thuerc man hinh nho
- Giao dien don gian
- Bang thong mpg c6 gi6i lion (3G, GPRS)
- Ket n61 mang Ichong 6n djnh.
2.4.2. Ngen ngit 41p trinh
trinh chinh thlic cue Android la Java. Mk du cat img dung tren
NgAn
Android duqc vitt bang nein agar Java, tuy nhien ban than Android lui !cluing the chay
duqc cac t$p tin Java c6 dung .jar. Ngen ner Java sir dung trong Android khong phai
la town be thu vier J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Editiion) ma chi la met pit nho
de xay dung nun may ao Dalvik. Din tren may ao Java cila Sun, Google dA tinh chinh
va phut trien nen may ao Dalvik de bien djch cac top tin Java veri Mc de nhanh hon va
nhe hon. Den phien ban Froyo 2.2, Android dA ha My Just-in-time Compiler (JIT) lam
tang the de bien djch Java len tir 2 den 5 lin.
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2.4.3. Mei Irtreng ltlp trinh
JDK: JDK la m6i tru&ng clung di vitt the Ong dung Java. MOt 130 JDK gOm
c6 JRE (Java Runtime Enviroment) va cac ding cp bien djch (javac), trinh
thuc thi (Java), gb loi, cac thu vien, be gia lap dien thoai...
Eclipse: Mei trtreng lap trinh chinh that cita Android la Eclipse yeti su hO trq
cita Plugin ADT (Android Development Tool). Ngu&i lap trinh c6 the de clang
tai 1)0 cong Gist nay tren trang chit cita Google. Met so thinh phAn caa ADT:
✓ Da (Dalvik Cross-Assembler): C6 chirc nAng chuyen dOi cac 16p Java a
duqc bien djch thanh met file nhj phan (.dex) de chay tren may io Dalvik
✓ Aapt (Android Asset Packing Tool): CO chirc thing doing g6i cac tap tin
.dex thanh tap tin .apk de ngutri ding c6 the cai det tren thiet bj di dOng
✓ Adb (Android Debug Bridge): Day la met au nOi de chuyin va cai dat
img dung len trinh gia lap (Emulator) hoac tren thiet bj Android that. Thiet
bj Android phai duce bat USB Debugging.
✓ Ddms (Dalvik Debug Monitor Service): Cung cap met so Bich vu nhu
quan 1$, thong tin tien trinh va nem xep, logcat...
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