Tài liệu Learning about monitoring methods of water environment in thai nguyen center for resources and environment monitoring

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY NGUYEN KHANH HUONG LEARNING ABOUT MONITORING METHODS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-Time Major: Environmental Science and Management Faculty: The Advanced Education Program Batch: 2014 - 2018 Type: On-the-Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen, 25/09/2018 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Nguyen Khanh Huong Student ID DTN1453110065 LEARNING ABOUT MONITORING METHODS OF WATER Thesis Title ENVIRONMENT IN THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING Dr. Nguyen Thanh Hai - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture Supervisor (s) and Forestry. Abstract: Nowadays, environmental protection in general and protection of water resources in particular is a global issue. In Vietnam, water sources in rivers and reservoirs are being seriously impacted by pollution from urban areas, industrial parks, rural residential areas, agricultural activities and other community activities. Therefore, prevention of water pollution is a very urgent task. In order to assess the quality of water environment, environmental monitoring is a key activity and indispensable in the management and protection of the environment. This report covers the functions, tasks and activities of Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring, which summarizes theories, experiences and other practical skills that help students access future career-related jobs. Thus, students can prepare for themselves well enough to be able to confidently undertake professional work when they graduate. i Keywords: Water pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Water environment; Monitoring methods; Number of pages: 45 Date of 25th September, 2018 Submission: Supervisor’s signature ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to send my sincere thanks to teachers of the Advanced Education Program (AEP) as well as teachers of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, who have taught enthusiastically with extensive knowledge not only for my subjects but also for my soft skills and give me a chance to practice at Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring. In addition, I would like to thank all supports and help from the leadership of Thai Nguyen Center for Environment and Resources Monitoring, has enabled me to practice at the Center. During the internship at the Center, I have learned a lot of practical experience, specialized knowledge and high sense of responsibility in the work. In order to get that result, I would like to thank Mr. Duong Van Hung - Head of Monitoring Room and all the staffs for their help and created favorable conditions to help me complete my internship. I would like to give special thank to Dr. Nguyen Thanh Hai, who is always supported and helped me a lot in spending much time for checking my thesis report. Finally, I would like to express my deeply gratitude to my family and friends for providing me emotional, unceasing encouragement, physical and financial support. I would like to thank all those other persons who helped me in completing this report. Because of my lack knowledge, the mistake is inevitable, I am very grateful if I receive the comments and options from teachers and others to contribute my report. Sincerely yours, Nguyen Khanh Huong iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT.....................................................................i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF ABBREVIATION ......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1 1.1. Rationale ...................................................................................................................1 1.2.Objectives ..................................................................................................................2 1.3. Content of work ........................................................................................................2 1.4. Profile of the cooperating agency .............................................................................2 1.4.1. History of formation and development .................................................................2 1.4.2. Functions and main tasks.......................................................................................3 1.4.3. Organization of the apparatus ................................................................................6 1.5. Assigned tasks during internship ..............................................................................7 1.6. Timeline ....................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................9 2.1. The scientific basis of the topic ................................................................................9 2.1.1. Concepts of environment .......................................................................................9 2.1.2. Water pollution ......................................................................................................9 2.1.3. Environmental monitoring...................................................................................11 2.2. Research situation in Vietnam and in the world.....................................................14 2.2.1. International literature review .............................................................................14 2.2.2. National literature review ....................................................................................15 CHAPTER III. CONTENTS AND WORK STEPS OF WATER ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .................................................................................. 17 3.1. Planning and building monitoring contents............................................................17 3.2. Environmental monitoring in the field ...................................................................18 3.2.1. Preparation ...........................................................................................................18 3.2.2. Work in the field ..................................................................................................19 iv 3.2.3. The preservation of water samples ......................................................................24 3.3. Practice of water environment monitoring .............................................................26 3.3.1. Action plan on 18/4/2018: ...................................................................................26 3.3.2. Action plan on 09/05/2018 ..................................................................................27 CHAPTER IV. DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNED ........................................... 29 4.1. Discussion ...............................................................................................................29 4.2. Lesson learned ........................................................................................................30 4.2.1. Results after monitoring ......................................................................................32 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................. 34 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 35 APPENDICES................................................................................................................................. 37 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. Examples of the various types of field meters available. From up to down: a multi-parameter meter YSI 556 and TOA 22A............................23 Figure 3.2. Sampling of wastewater from workshop 2 of Luu Xa Cement Plant ........27 Figure 3.3. Rapid measurement of parameters and preservation of samples in the field ............................................................................................................27 Figure 3.4. Sampling of surface water in Son Cam......................................................28 Figure 3.5. Rapid measurement of parameters and preservation of samples in the field (Son Cam) Some photos of other field monitoring ...........................37 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1. Method to take water sample in the field ...................................................20 Table 3.2. General techniques are suitable for preserving surface water, waste water, storm water, ground water and domestic water ..............................25 Table 4.1. Environmental quality of wastewater at the outlet of domestic wastewater before discharging into the environment (2017) .....................32 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATION Abbreviation Meaning of acronyms BOD Biochemical or biological oxygen demand BTNMT Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment COD Chemical oxygen demand DO Dissolved oxygen EC Electrical conductivity ISO International Organization for Standardization NTSH Production wastewater NTSX Domestic wastewater QCVN National Technical Regulation QD-UBND Committee of people TCVN Vietnam Standard viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Rationale Today, environment is not just a matter of a locality or a nation but has become a common concern of all humanity. The strong socio-economic development, urbanization and industrial development in our country, together with insufficient awareness and lack of human responsibility that has made environment are increasingly seriously degraded. This leads to the risk of ecological imbalance, the depletion of natural resources that affect the quality of life and the goal of sustainable development of the country. Facing a series of urgent issues, one of the solutions that the State attaches great importance is the promotion of scientific and technological research and the training of experts in the field of environment, which contribute significantly to the protection of the environment and the country, keeping the planet Earth green for generations to come. As a final year student in Environmental Science and Management, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the internship is one of the necessary and useful subjects. So, I proceed to topic “learning about monitoring methods of water environment in Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring " to assist each student to better understand about water environment monitoring and their specialization, consolidate the theories were approached at school since then apply that knowledge in practical. Simultaneously, give students the studying and working style properly when they graduate to become qualified professionals who meet the practical requirements. 1 1.2. Objectives - Give students the opportunity to apply the theory to practice, to practice their skills in a harsh working environment that requires not only knowledge in books but also practical knowledge. - Understand the knowledge of monitoring about water environment components. Simultaneously, know some skills such method as taking and preserving samples and methods of quick measurement of some indicators (pH, BOD, COD, DO, TSS,..) in the field. 1.3. Content of work - Learn about the functions, tasks and activities of Thai Nguyen Center for Resource and Environmental Monitoring. - Learn about the content and steps of water environmental monitoring. 1.4. Profile of the cooperating agency Name: THAI NGUYEN CENTER FOR RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Address: 425A - Phan Dinh Phung Stress, Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province. Phone: 0280.3750876 Fax: 0280.3650871 Email: [email protected] 1.4.1. History of formation and development Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring was formerly the Station for Environment Monitoring and Analysis, built in 1998 by the Ministry of Science and Technology for Environment, with the aim of building a monitoring station for the Northeast. 2 - In 2004, the station for environmental monitoring and analysis was upgraded to the Center of Environmental Monitoring and Protection - Thai Nguyen Department of Natural Resources and Environment. - Decision on renaming and reorganizing Center for Environmental Monitoring and Protection into Center for Environmental Monitoring No. 319/QD-UBND dated 18/02/2008 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee. - Decision on the reorganization and renaming Center for Environmental Monitoring into Center of Environmental Monitoring and Technology No. 292/QDUBND dated 02/12/2010 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee. - Decision on the reorganization and renaming Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology into the Center for Resources and Environment Monitoring No. 1856/QD-UBND dated 28/07/2015 of Thai Nguyen People's Committee. 1.4.2. Functions and main tasks 1. To measure, monitor and analyses the environmental indicators in the system of environmental monitoring network in the province, Song Cau basin in 6 provinces, the Northeast region. 2. To measure and monitor indicators in the field of water resources (water quality monitoring, water reserve, water dynamics, surface water flow for surface water, degraded and depleted water areas); Measurement, observation and analysis of indicators in the field of mineral resources (mineral composition in mineral samples). 3 3. To serve the monitoring, inspection and control of environmental pollution and solicitation of environmental technical expertise according to the requirements of environmental technical expertise as required. 4. To investigate, survey and assess the current state of the environment, environmental impact assessment synthesis and predict changes in the environment, assess the impact of climate change; Statistical surveys, assessment of waste, pollution, degradation, environmental incidents; Projects on biosafety and biodiversity conservation. 5. To formulate and implement of schemes and projects: classification, collection, treatment, reduction, recycling and burial of wastes; Projects, tasks on protection, remediation, and renovation of the environment of polluted and degraded river basins. 6. To research, investigate; survey the current status and the happening of pollution impact on community health. 7. To organize the research, apply and deploy the scientific and technological advances in the field of environment; to formulate and organize the implementation of projects on application of scientific and technological achievements; research and develop sustainable production models, cleaner production, and replication. 8. To research, build, transfer skills, techniques and techniques in the field of environmental protection; method analysis tools. 9. To participate in the research the impact on the surrounding environment of resource extraction activities and propose preventive management measures to reduce environmental pollution. 4 10. To implement the environmental consultancy services: making environmental impact assessment reports, environmental protection commitments, mineral exploitation projects and projects on environmental rehabilitation and restoration after mineral exploitation. To compile dossiers of registration for hazardous waste collection, transportation, treatment and destruction, compile dossiers of registration and certification of establishments and environmentally friendly products and cleaner production. 11. To investigate the preparation of investment reports, investment projects, technical designs and cost estimates of environmental protection works and treatment of environmental pollution of land and water, dust and gas treatment; to construct, monitor the construction; install the equipment for environmental protection and treatment of environmental pollution. 12. To get involved in training, communicating to raise awareness about environmental protection. To implement domestic programs and projects and international cooperation on environmental protection iron mentally friendly products and cleaner production. 13. To cooperate in joint-venture, associate and receive financial assistance from organizations and individuals, contributing capital in cash, assets and value of intellectual property rights in order to conduct scientific research and consultancy, providing technical and environmental services in accordance with the law. 14. To organize financial management, property, personnel and other resources assigned to the Center's operations in accordance with the law. 5 15. To Autonomy and self-responsibility in conducting environmental technology activities, signing research contracts, techno-economic contracts, labor contracts, training and fostering of cadres in the field area. 16. To implement the reporting regime according to regulations. 17. To perform other tasks assigned by competent authorities. 1.4.3. Organization of the apparatus Leaders: - Director: Mr. Nguyen The Giang - Deputy Director: Ms. Tran Thi Minh Hai Professional departments: - Department of Planning - Department of Administration – General - Department of Expert and Environmental Impact Assessment - Department of Environment Technology - Station of Environmental Monitoring: + Monitoring room + Laboratory 6 *) The organizational model of the Center: Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Department of Planning Department of Administration – General Department of Expert and EIA Station of Environmental Monitoring Monitoring room Department of Environment Technology Laboratory *) Qualifications: The center currently has 46 staffs Of which: - Master degree: 24 people - University level: 23 people 1.5. Assigned tasks during internship - Strengthening knowledge by studying legal documents on environment such as laws, decrees, circulars and decisions. - Participate in internal training sessions on wastewater and exhaust gases from Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring. 7 - Learn the position, functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring. - Monitor the field in a number of enterprises in the province to explore the environmental management work: ground water and wastewater. - Carry out the works and tasks assigned by the staff of Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring. 1.6. Timeline Total months working at Thai Nguyen Center for Resources and Environmental Monitoring are from 1st March, 2018 to 30th June, 2018. 8 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. The scientific basis of the topic 2.1.1. Concepts of environment a. Environment "Environment refers to a system of natural and artificial physical factors affecting the existence and development of human beings and creatures" (Law on Environmental Protection, 2014). b. Environmental pollution "Environmental pollution refers to the change in the environment components in breach of technical regulations on environment and environmental standards, which can result in adverse impacts on human beings and creatures" (Law on Environmental Protection, 2014). 2.1.2. Water pollution a. Concept: "Water pollution is a general change due to humans contaminate the water source and endangering people, industry, agriculture, fish farming, leisure, recreation, animals and wildlife". "Water pollution is a bad change in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water, , With the presence of foreign substances in liquid, solid that make water becomes toxic to humans and organisms, reducing biodiversity in water (Water Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control. New Delhi: New Age International. p. 179). 9 b. The importance of water The presence of water is the first condition to determine the existence of life. Where there is water, there is life. For human life, water is the foundation for all activities. Water gives us a drink, creates food for us to eat, creates energy that supports our modern economy, maintains ecological services, and other factors that we all depend on. For the human body: One can fast for a few weeks and still live but if he refuses to drink for three or four days he will die. Because in the human body, water accounts for 60-70% of body weight, distributed in all organs like brain, blood, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, joints, muscles... If these parts lack water will make the body tired, sleepy; nosebleeds because of dry mucous, blood vessels are vulnerable; headache, dizziness, muscle weakness; kidney stones are easy to form or regenerate due to the concentration of minerals; increased risk of oral, throat, and respiratory infections due to air through the nose is not dampened, irritating and causing the lungs to become sensitive to smoke, dust, chemicals, allergic rhinitis. Severe water shortage will lead to lower blood pressure, fast heart beat, less urination; dry mouth, very thirsty; skin, dry mucous, no sweat; dry eye and swollen pain, body lose balance (West, Larry (2006-03-26). "World Water Day: A Billion People Worldwide Lack Safe Drinking Water"). For social, economic and ecological environment Water ensures food security for society so that no one is hungry and the food maker is not poor compared with the common ground of society; Water helps every human activity such as bathing, washing, cleaning, cooking,... ensure the quality of each human life and health for the community. 10 Water generates electrical energy to provide economic activity through the use of dynamics or river flow power to spin water turbines and generators. This is a clean energy source and accounts for 20% of the world's electricity, while limiting fuel costs and labor costs. Water engages largely in the production of products for exchange,trading in the market as producing a cup of coffee requires 140 liters of water, a medium size cotton shirt requires 2.700 liters of water, 1 kg of rice requires 3,400 liters of water, a glass of 125ml of alcohol needs 120 liters of water... Thus, we can see the majority of economic activity much depends on water resources The economic value of water can not always be converted into money, because money is not a measure of economic value, there are services of water that can not be evaluated but of great economic value. Water also creates culture and civilized society, such as Egyptian culture in the Nile Basin, Mesopotamia culture in the Tigris and Euphrates basins, Indian culture in the Indus basin, and Chinese culture in the Yellow River basin... For other living species on earth Water is very important for plants and animals to survive and develop as well as for the exchange of nutrients within their bodies. In other words, without water, there would be no life and no existence of any living creature on earth. 2.1.3. Environmental monitoring a. Concept "Environmental monitoring refers to the formal processes and activities that need to take place to monitor the quality and components of the environment in a systematic manner as well as factors affecting the environment in order to provide necessary 11