Tài liệu Sơ đồ chuỗi pư hóa vô cơ

il) Phdn ifn^i too thanh clorini axit hay axyl PCI5 CHrC-OH II CH3-C-CI O QHs-C-OH i 1. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan iJng trong so d6 hinh ng6i sao sau : ilonia + HCl + POCI3 hoahoc.edu.vn O Axetyl clorua + SOCI2 C6H5-C-CI + HCl + SO2 o Benzoyl clorua 0 3. Dieu che + Trong phong thi nghidm - O x i hod hidrocacbon, ancol, ... CHsCH., - '^^""^ > CftHjCOOH QHsCOOK D i tir dSn xua't halogen : R-COOH + Trong c6ng nghiep A x i t axetic dirge di^u chS'theo phuong phap : - Len men gia'm I I / ^ i i C2H5OH - , + /-V O2 M e n giam ^ ^ CH3COOH + H7O O x i hoa andehit axetic Hirong dan giai CH3CHO - ^^'^°». CH3COOH . CH3CHO + - O 2 D i tir metanol va cacbon ( I I ) oxit CH3OH - +I/2O2 + CO ^^-^"^ CH3COOH . CH3COOH + C2H5OH Thijy phan nitrin R- C = N . C H 3 C O O C 2 H 3 + NaOH + 3H0H thuy phan. ' R.Br "2^"^'' > C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 + H , © R"- OH OH > CH^COONa + C j H j O H . CH^COONa + H C l R- C OH ,j^ R-MgBr ' , .0 Chuyen dhn xua't halogen thanh hop chat co magie, r6i cho tac dung vcd CO, va il > CH3COOH > C H 3 C O O H + NaCl 5. 2 C H 3 C O O H + 2Na > 2CH3COONa+ H j 6. C H 3 C 0 0 N a „ , ^ „ , + N a O H , ^ , „ , R-COOMgBr _,o,^cn^^ ^ ^^^^^^ RCOOH C2H3OH ) CH3CHO .CH3CHO+H2 B. B A I T A P C H u 6 l P H A N tTNG hoahoc.edu.vn • 2CH, j-C^HjOH '^"""^ ) C , H , ^ 3 H , 10. C 2 H 2 + H , — ^ C H j =CH2 11. C 2 H 2 + 2 H 2 — ^ C 2 H f , .fOHr'V^ - '• ' ' 12. C H . = C H , + — ^ I C,H^ C H 2 = C H - C H 2 - C H , + H2O CH.-C:HOH-CH2-CH, 13. CH2 = C H 2 + H . O —y^C.HjOH 14. C 2 H 5 O H + H C I 15. C , H ^ + C U Bai I > (I) + H2 (A) (I) etanol -^andehit axetic f (M) I' Hiro'ng dan giai + NaOH - » (N) + (?) + H.O ) C2H5OH C2H2 - C.H^OH C,H:(NO,),(OH) + H.O CH.COONa,,,,,,, CH2 = CH2 + (0) Hirdng dan giai > C . H , +3H2 =CH, (P) + + HNO, ^ 2CH, CH2 > ( M ) + HC1 (N) + HCI ^ (Q) >3CHj+4Al(OH), a) A l , C , + 1 2 H . O (L) (L) +C1: b. Tinh bot —> glucozo - > ancol etylic - > axit axetic - > natri axetat - > metan ^ 15()()"C •> C H ^ + NajCO^ + N a O H , ^ , „ , ^ ^ ->C2H2+3H2 600" C ) CH.CHO I CfiH, + CI2 CftHjOH + 3 H N 0 , ) 2 C 2 H 5 O H + 2CO2 CftHizOfi C2H5OH+ 1/20.-> Bai CH3COOH+ H 2 O C H 3 C O O H + NaOH > C . H s C I + HCI C6H5CI + N a O H - > CfiHjOH + NaCl (C,H,„03)^+nH2O-^nC,H,20, b- )-CH3COONa + "-''^^^ • i7i 5. Hoan thanh P T H H cua cac phan irng sau : a)CH,CHO +AgNO,/ddNH, h) RCHO + A g N O , / dd N H , H20 C H , C O O N a „ , ^ . , „ + NaOH,^,,,, . ^ ^ ^ i i i l l i i l ^ C H , + Na2C03 3. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan ling thirc hien day chuy^n hoa sau : -> d) R C H O + C u ( O H ) : /dd NaOH -> Ni.i" e) C H , C H O + H2 g) C H , - C O - C H , + H , ^ mt'C ' ^ H,SUJoinK ' ^ |7()"r ^ ^ 0 RCHO + H , Hirong dan giai Dap an : A: C 4 H 9 O H ; B: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3, D: C H 3 - C H O H - C H 2 - C H , ; E: C H 3 - C H = C H - C H 3 C4H0OH "g';'' > CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2O h)CH=CH + H 2 0 Ni.l" Ni.t" "^'^ > i) CH,=CH2 + O2 CH,-CHBr- CHBr-CH, PTHH cua cac phan irng : 'i > C , H 2 ( N 0 2 ) 3 ( O H ) + SHjO c) C H , C H O + Cu(OH), /dd NaOH Bai H i - OH'Vnn >C2H50H + NaCl a. Nhom cacbua - > metan - > axetilen - > etilen C2H2 + H2 — > CH^-CHBr-CHBr-CH^ I (G) + NaOH - > ( A ) + Na^CO, 2. Hoan thanh cac chu6i phan irng sau : 2CH4 ) C H , - C H = C H - C H , + H2O Jai 4- Hoan thanh phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan ling sau : >C3H3C1 + HC1 16. C2H5Cl + N a O H "1'',';'' 17(l"(' W CH,-CH=CH-CH, +Br2 yCjH^Cl + HjO > CH.-CHOH-CHj-CH, H^svlL,,, Hu-dng dan giai ) C H 3 C H O + 2 A g N 0 , /dd NH3 ^ CH3COONH4 + NH4NO3 + 2Ag Hoac : A g N 0 3 + NH3 + H2O AgOH + 2NH3 ^ - > AgOH + NH4NO3 . ;,, '' [Ag(NH3)2]OH C H 3 C H O + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH — ! ^ CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3 N H 3 1 + H2O c) CH3CHO + Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH d) RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH CHjCOONa + CU2O + 3 H 2 O RCOONa + CujO + SHjO CpH e) CH3CHO + H 2 0 lai 7- Viet PTHH cua cac pu, ho^n thknh chu6i phan umg sau : + 0, + NaOH •D (Xeton) •BCu,t' '° > RCOONH4 + 2Ag + SNH, t + H2O b) RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH )CH3CH2QH RCHO + H2 > ? -HCl 2n > RCH2OH g) CH3-CO-CH3 + H2 h) CHSCH + H2O i) 2CH2=CH2 + O2 E + NaOH > CH3-CHOH-CH3 F + O, ^ Cu.t" Hu-6'ng dan giai C„H2„+HC1 "^'^ >CH3CH0 ^''^h'c-a, ^ 2CH3CHO >C„H2„„C1 C„H2„+|Cl + NaOH >C„H2„^,0H + NaCl (ancol bac hai) Bai 6. Viet PTHH ciia cac pu thirc hi^n cac bien doi sau : C„H2„,,OH-;^C„,H2,.,„COC,H2,„ a. CH4 -^f^ M • N ^CuO ^ p -^AgNOVNH,^ Cu.t' Q ).C„H2„,,0H + NaCl (ancol bac 1) C„H2„^,Cl + NaOH ^ Ni. t" *" Z HgSO, +0^ C „ H 2 „ , , C H 0 PC„H2„„0H- Cu.t" c. Propilen ^"2°"' ) A )B ^"^^ ) C„H2„.,COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH31 + H2O C„H2„.,CH0 + [Ag(NH3)2]OH Hirong dan giai a. CH4 + CI2 Bai 8. Cho sa do chuyen hoa sau : > CH3CI + HCl CH3CI + NaOH + AgNOj/ NH hoahoc.edu.vn >CH30H + NaCl ^ 1500°C^ p ^ CH3OH HCHO ^H>0,Hg^\/NH3^ ) HCHO I Biet A, B la hidrocacbon; C , D deu la cac hop chat hiJu ca. Xac djnh CTCT cua ^«N03/NH3 ^HCOOH A, B, C , D va viet PTHH hoan thanh so do chuyen hoa tren. t" Hiro-ng dan giai >C2H2+Ca(0H)2 b. CaC2+2H20 2CH, C2H2+2H2O "^^"^ >CH3CH0 CH3CHO + H 2 CH3 - CHOH - C H , )CH3CH20H C2H2+2H2O )CH, - C- CH, 3 C H 3 - C - C H 3 + HCN II O 82 J II 3 O >CH,-CCN-CH, 3 '^"""^ >C2H2+3H2 CH = CH + 2 [ A g ( N H 3 ) 2 ] O H c. C H 2 = C H - C H 3 + H 2 0 — ^ C H 3 - C H O H - C H 3 J , II OH "'^'"^ >AgC = CAg i + 4NH3 t + 2H20 >CH3CH0 CH3CHO + [Ag(NH3)2]OH CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH31 + H2O lai 9. Hoan thanh cac PTHH sau : iM A + AgNOj + N H 3 + H2O — L - > B + C + Ag B + NaOH — ^ D + H2O + NH3 3 D + NaOH >E + Na2C03 - * 83 Cty TNHH MTVDVVHKhang E + Ch — X X + NaOH + HCI ' I > C.HsOH + G Biet B la muoi amoni cua axit huu ca dan chuc. - ^ C H 3 C H O + Cu+ CH3CH2OH + CuO 2 C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 ^ : H2O -^2CH3COOH CH3COOH + NaOH CH^COONa + H2O Hiro'ng dan giai C2H5CHO + 2 A g N O , + 3 N H , + H2O I C H 3 C O O N a + NaOH ) C2H5COONH4 + 2NH4NO, + 2Ag ' C2H,, + CI2 > C2H4 If I > C.H^CI + HCI aj C2n(, ddNaOH.l" * CuO.l" ^ • ) M Bai 11. Viet PTHH ciia cac phan I'rng thirc hien cac bien doi sau : > u a) C H , ' > N QH5CH2-OH »• CftHjCHj-Br > C2H4 + H2O C H i C H . B r + NaOH - » C H , C H 2 0 H + NaBr AgNO^/NH-,,!*' > t) b) CH3CH2CH=0 c) C6H5CH., „ A > """'•"-'"-^^'^ CH3CH2OH + H B r - > C H 3 C H 2 B r + H20 Bai 10. Viet day du cac phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac qua trinh sau : CUlaskt) -> CH3CH2OH C2H4 + H2O I CH3CH2OH CjH^Cl + N a O H — L - > C,H50H + NaCI ^\nu -)>C,H.+3H, C2H2 + H2 > C2H6 + Na2C0, CjHsCOONa + NaOH I5(M)"C 2CH, C2H5COONH4 + N a O H — L - > CjHsCOONa + H2O + N H , ) CH4 + N a j C O , C6H5CH=0 • "^'^ ) M >N as 4 ,i> 1- b) C a C , ^^^^"VNH^ )P ,1) t' ,0 Y X C6H5COOH d) C2H2 »'CH,CH=0 •CH4 •C2H2 CH3CH2OH • C2H4 •CH3COOH = ^ CH3CH2-OH CHjCOONa c) Propilcn ->AC CjHsCI + N a O H — ^ C2H5OH + CuO — ^ H2 >B CH3CHO + 2 A g N 0 , + 3NH3 + H2O — b) CH3CH2CH=0 +H2 >F CH3COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag CH3CH2CH2Br + H j O )C6HsCH2Br + HBr CfcHsCHjBr + N a O H - > CoH^CHjOH + NaBr C 6 H 5 C H 2 O H + CuO - > C6H5CHO + Cu + H2O ^'^ > 2C6H5COOH '^^^"^ )CH3CH0 >CH3CH^0H >CH, - C H X H O .0 Hirong dan giai ^ >CH3CH2CH20H CH3CH2CH2OH + HBr ^ CH3CHO + Hj )CH, - C O - C H , \ CH3COH + Cu + H2O d) C 2 H 2 + 2 H 2 O " ^ " " ^ >E D C2H5OH + N a C I 2 C , H 5 C H O + 02 HCN > C2H5CI + HCI d) A c) C6H5CH3 + Brj ^ B ^ CHjCHi-Br Hirong dan giai a) C2H6 + CI2 CuO.l" I) C H 4 + C I 2 aski > CH^Cl + HCl CH3CI + NaOH CH,OH > CH3OH + NaCl ) HCHO H C H O - ^^^"^^^"^ b) C a C , + 2 H , 0 >HCOOH ^ C j H j +Ca(OH) C2H2 + 2 H 2 O — t ^ ^ ^ ^ C H . C H O CH3CHO+H2 • CH3CH2OH ^ Vift Sa do chudipitdn c. CH2 Cty TNHHMTVDVVHKhang ling hda h(>c HOrti cir - NguySn Xudn Trirdmg 6. =CH-CH3+HjO^^—>CH3-CHOH-CH3 CH3-CHOH-CH3 CH3CI + CI2 CH2CI2 + 7. C H 2 C I 2 + 2 N a O H 5 >CH3-C-CH3 ->• HCl H C H O + 2NaCI + H2O B a i 14. V i a P T H H c u a cac phan l i n g theo so d o b i e n hoa sau : >CH3-CCN-CH, O Etilen dd brom - A3 Metan Anilin A, OH d) CH3-CH2-CH3 A4 A6 ^ CH3-C-CH3+HCN Vi$t C h o biet A2, A 3 tac d y n g v a i A g N 0 3 t r o n g NH3 > C H 2 = C H - C H 3 + H2 Htfofng d a n giai ) CHi-CHBr-CH, CH2=CH-CH3 + HBr 1. CH2 = CH2 + Br2 ^ > CH3-CHOH-CH3 + NaBr CHj-CHBr-CH, + NaOH CH3-CHOH-CH3 + CuO > CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + CH2=CH-CH3 + H B r H2O > CH,-CH2-CHO + Cu + 3. C H = C H + H - O H C H = C H + 2 K B r + 2H2O CH3-CHO -> 5. C H , - C O O N a + N a O H - > ) CH,-CH2-CH20H + NaBr CH3-CH2-CH2OH + C u O 2. C H j B r - C H j B r + 2 K O H ^ H2O B a i 12. A x i t f o m i c n g o a i t i n h chat a x i t con c 6 t i n h chat c u a m o t a n d e h i t , ichi cho a x i t f o m i c vao d u n g d j c h Ag20/NH3, d u n nh? thay c 6 bac k i m l o a i ket tiia. V i e t 6.3CH = C H + H2O + + Na2C03 CfiHft 7. CfiHa + H O - NO2 ^ C 6 H 5 - N O 2 + H2O 8. C6H5 - NO2 + 6H C 6 H 5 - N H 2 + 2H2O B a i 15. H o a n t h a n h so do c h u y e n hoa sau : + H2O CH, a. N a O O C C H j C O O N a Hiro-ng d a n giai + A g 2 0 ( d d N H 3 ) -» CO2 CH3 - C O O N a + C u j O j + 3H2O CH4 T P T H H cua p h a n i r n g va g i a i t h i c h . HCOOH - 4. CH3 - C H O + 2Cu(OH)2 + N a O H ^ > CH2Br-CH2-CH3 CH2Br-CH2-CH3 + N a O H CH2Br - CH2Br 2Ag + O2 A x i t f o m i c c 6 phan u n g t r a n g bac do t r o n g phan tir c6 n h o m churc a n d e h i t . B a i 13. V i e t P T H H c i i a cac phan irng t r o n g so d 6 sau : H u a n g d a n giai 1. N a O O C C H j C O O N a Hiro'ng d a n giai 1. CH4 + CI2 ^ C H i C l + 2. C H 3 C I + N a O H - > C H 3 O H 3. C H 3 O H +CuO 4. 2 H C H 0 + O2 5. CH4 + O2 -> -> + H20 HCl H C H O + Cu 2HCOOH HCHO + H2O - CH3CHO (B) Hg2\80°C +HCI + H2O CH3COOCH=CH2 ( D ) b. A : CH4; 1500°C N a O H , CaO - C2H2(A)- II nhanh + 0 Mn ^ + NaOH CH3COOH (C) + C2H2 xt CHjCOONa (E) + CH3CHO (B) B : C2H2; C: C 1 C H = C H C I ; E: C I C H 2 - C H 2 C I ; F: H O C H 2 C H 2 O H ; D : H2C=CH-C=CH; G: H 2 C = C H - C H = C H 2 H: polibutadien. SadO chudiphan irni; litin iH'cJJji;" t r / - Nguyen Xuan Trir&ng Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vift Bai 18. Xac dinh X , . X2. X 3 . X 4 . X , , X,, va viet P T H H cua cac phan urng theo so d6 B a i 16. a) Hay chon cac chat hirii ca thi'ch hgp va viet cong thurc cau tao cua chiing d6 sau : hoan thanh P T H H ciia cac phan urng dirai day : X, 1. X , + H2 ^ X 2. X2 - > X + H2 ' 3. R(OH)2 - > X + H2O 4. X , X + H2O + H2 • CnH2n-2 .-^^^^ Hirong dan giai 6. X + HOCI ( t i 1^ 1:1) - > tao san phSm cong 1,2 va 1,4 Dap an : Biet X la monome dung de trung hop cao su buna. A - ^ - ^ B — +y . • F D ^ • H X„: C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - O H l.CH,-C=CH +HOH CH3-C-CH3 II > l".Xt Hirong dan giai 2. C H ^ - C - C H 3 " II O Dap an : a) X : C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 ; X , . H 2 C = C H - C = C H ; X j : C H 3 - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3 (CH3=CH-CH2-CH3); X 3 : C H 3 - C H - O H ; KiOH).: CH3-CH-CH3 + H2 H2SO4dJ70"C • C H 3 - C H = C H 2 +H2O (X3) OH F: C H 2 = C H - C H = C H 2 ; C: C H 2 = C H 2 5. ^ C H 3 - C H = C H 2 + H2O CH3-CH-CH3 Bai 17. Viet P T H H ciia cac phan iJrng theo sa do sau : • A2 • (X2) OH A3 16. C H 3 - C = C H H2S04dac,t'' (X2) OH 4. C H 3 - C H - C H 3 HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH B : C2H2; X : H j ; C: C2H4; Y : H2O; D: CH3CHO; A| (X,) o Cho biet E la ancol etylic. G va H la polime. b) A : CH4; ; X3: CH3-CH=CH2: X4: CH2CI-CH=CH2; X5: HO-CH2-CH=CH2 G • E • '! • C H 3 - C = C H ; X , : C H - C O - C H 3 ; X2: C H 3 - C H O H - C H 3 b) V'xk cac phuang trinh phan irng (ghi ro dieu kien) thirc hi$n day chuyen hoa sau: +x • (CH3)2CH-OCH=CH2 CO2 + MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O 5. X + KMn04 + H 2 S O 4 t°c X2 CH3CHO Cac chat tir A i den A 5 c6 cung so nguyen tir cacbon. Pd/PbC03 +H2 5()()"C I 7. C H 3 - C H = C H 2 I 8. C H 2 C 1 - C H = C H 2 + H 2 0 + CI2 - ir.t" (^3) CH3-CH=CH2 (X4) CH2CI - C H = C H 2 H O - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 (X5) Hiro'ng dan giai 9. H O - C H 2 - C H = C H 2 + H2 Dap an : C„H2n.2: C.Hc,; A , : C2H5CI; A , : C 2 H 5 O H ; A3: C H 3 C O O H ; A 4 : C2H4; A5: HO-CH2-CH-OH 2. CjHsCI + N a O H ^ 3. C 2 H 5 O H + O2 - > C2H5OH (A2) + NaCl CH3COOH (A3)+ H2O 4. C H 3 C H O + Br2 + H2O - > C H 3 - C O O H + 2HBr 5. C 2 H 6 - > C 2 H 4 ( A 4 ) + H2 6. 3C2H4 + 2 K M n 0 4 + 4 H 2 O - » 3 H O C H 2 - C H 2 O H (A5) + 2 M n 0 2 + 2 K 0 H 7. H O C H 2 - C H 2 O H ^ C H 3 - C H O + H2O HO-CH2-CH=CH2 W ii 19. Cho sa do san xuat ddng thai hai chat ( X ) va ( Y ) trong cong nghifp C.H<, 1. C2H6 + CI2 - > C2H5CI ( A , ) + HCI xt.t" ^^'^"^ > C,H,2 > ( X ) + (Y) Chat ( X ) tac dung voi nuoc B r j khi c6 xuc tac axit, chat ( Y ) tac dung de dang vai nuac B r i khong can xiic tac. Xac djnh (X), ( Y ) . Huong dan giai Dap an : Axeton, phenol. .,1, ; Rat d l nhan ra C 9 H 1 2 la cumen. Vay ( X ) va ( Y ) la phenol va axeton. Axeton phan ling the vai nuoc Br2 can c6 xiic tac H ' , phenol tac dung v a i nuac B r , ngay a di^u kien thuong khong can xiic tac. Sa a6 chuSi phin img hda hpc HOn car - Nguyjn XuSn Cty TNHHMi Tru&ng Vict Trong phan ung cu6i cung c6 sir bien doi D thanh B, X|, X2 do la phan ung thuy B a i 2 0 . Cho chuoi phan urng : C,H,-^^h^ . / H I // Khang B.-Ck:^ B2-iNsQhU B3-^H2:^ phan este trong moi truang axit. B4 PTHH cua cac phan ung : ^, , ^ Cho b i l l C T C T thu gon ciia chat B4 Hiro-ng d a n giai Dap an : B4 la C H j C O C H j CHO-CH2-CH2-CHO + O2 hoac CH3CH2CHO ' HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH (B) (A) B a i 2 1 . Cho cong thurc phan tir hop chSt A la C j H j B r v a) Viet C T C T c6 the c 6 ciia A. CH3CH2CH2OH HOOC-CH2CH2-COOH b) Cho cac dong phan ciia A Ian lugt tac dung vai dung djch N a O H d u thi thu (X,) (B) dugc nhiJng san pham gi ? Viet PTHH ciia cac phan urng. HOOC- CH2CH2-COOCH2CH2CH3 H i r o n g d a n giai A CO 3 nguyen tir C . HOOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH3 Nen A la dan xuat halogen no mach thang. (X2) CHBrj-CHj-CHjBr I I va bj loai nuac. CH3CH2CH2OH R-CH(0H)2 > R-CHO + > Ri-CO-Rj + H2O R-C(OH)., > R-COOH H2O + 2H2O (D) H2O Ri-C(OH)2-R2 + CH3CH2CH200CCH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2 Khi ancol c 6 nhieu nhom O H ciing lien ket vai mgt nguyen tiir C thi khong ben + HOOC-CH2CH2-COOH (X,) CH3CH(OH)CH3 + • (X2) (B) ' B a i 2 3 . Hgp chat A chura cac nguyen to C, H, O trong do oxi chiem 37,21% ve khoi lugng. Trong A chi c6 mot loai nhom chuc, khi cho I moi A tac dyng vai Do do : dd AgN03/ NH3 d u tao ra 4 moi Ag. + 3NaOH -> CH3CH2COOH + 3NaBr + H2O Hay xac djnh CTPT va viet C T C T c6 the c6 ciia A. CHBr2-CHBr-CH3 + 3NaOH ->• CH.,CH(OH)-CHO + 3NaBr + H2O CH2Br-CHBr-CH2Br +3NaOH ^ CH2Br-CBr2-CH3 + 3NaOH C H 2 O H - C H O H - C H 2 O H + 3NaBr + CH2OH-CO-CH3 + 3NaBr + H i r o n g d a n giai H2O H2O CHBr2-CH2-CH2Br + 3NaOH -> CH2(OH)-CH2-CHO + 3NaBr + C4H6O2 ^ - ^ C 4 H 6 0 4 ^ * ^ C7H,204 (B) ^ C,oH,804 (C) V i A chi chua 1 loai nhom chuc ma A c6 phan ung trang bac nen A la andehit. Tnnmg hap I. H2O B a i 2 2 . Hoan thanh sa d6 phan ung sau a dang CTCT. Biet A la andehit da chuc. (A) H2O (D) CHzBr-CHBr-CHjBr b) K h i cho cac dong phan ciia A tac dung vai dung djch N a O H ta thu dugc ancol. CBr3-CH2-CH, H2O H,S( H2S^ CH3CH(OH)CH3 CH3CH2CH200CCH2CH2COOCH(CH3)2 + trong A CO the lien ket vai 1. 2, 3 nguyen tir Br. CHjBr-CBrj-CHi + (C) So dong phan ciia A phu thugc vao vj t r i ciia Br trong mach C. M o i nguyen tir C CHBr^-CHBr-CH, + (C) a) Br la dan xuat halogen c6 hoa trj 1 nhu hidro nen A la hgp chat no. , CBr,-CH2-CH, ^* ^ B+Xj+Xj (D) Hiro-ng d a n giai - Trong phan urng t h u nhat B c 6 nhieu han A hai nguyen t u oxi do do B la axit. - Gia sir A la H C H O ta c6 % khoi luang cua oxi la — . 100% = 53,33%. • ^ Trif&ng hap 2. Goi CTPT cua A la C,Hv(CHO)a Trong phan ung t h u 2 va 3 thi C c 6 nhiSu hon B, D ca so nguyen t u C, O nen do la phan ung este hoa,nhung so sanh B, C, D ta thay Xi va X2 phai c 6 ciing CTPT, cu t h ^ la CH3CH2CH2OH va CH3CH(OH)CH3. 30 Ket qua nay khac vai bai la 37,21 % do do A khong la H C H O . CxHv(CHO)a +aAg20 ^^^"j. 4 1 moi Vay 2a = 4 => => C,Hy(COOH)a + 2 a A g a= 2 A CO C T C T d^ng C,Hy(CHO)2 moi \ So ad chuSl phan umg hda hpc Hfhi ca - Nguyin Then bai ta CO Xudn Bai 25. Hoan thanh so do phan I'rng sau : Trir&ng 37.21 M,. = MA CH^COOCfiHs /\ , 100 J 100 100 = 32.- = 86 dvC z:i> MA = M( => 12x + y + 2.29 = 86hay 12x + y = 28 Klii 37,21 37,21 X = 1. y = 16 X = 2, y = 4 loai CH.COOH ii*-^(CH3CO)2 QH50Na- QH5OH thoa man V^y C T P T cua A la C 2 H 4 ( C H O ) , C T C T cua A la C H O - C H j - C H j - C H O ; C H . - C H C C H O ) : Bai 24. Hoan thanh so do phan mig sau : C2H5OH -.CH3COOH ,4) CH3COOC2H5 (6) (I) HCOOC2H3 C2H5OH CH3CHO HCOOH Huong dan giai Huang dan giai (2) isirr 2CH3COOH (CH^COK+C,,H30H^^CH3COOC^,H3+CH,COOH CH^COOC^^Hj + 2 N a O H - ^ C H 3 C O O N a + C^^HjONa + H^O (7) 1:0" CH3CH,QH + 0 , (6) C H H C H + H , 0 =CH-C1 CH^CHO + H . ^ ^ C H ^ C H ^ O H (5) (2) ^-i!^—>CH, H C O O C H = C H , + N a O H — — > HCOONa + C H 3 C H O (4) C H = C H + HC1 (1) (3) (1) C^,H,ONa + H , 0 + C O , - ^ C ^ ^ H ^ O H + N a H C 0 3 (8) (HCO), + C ^ H 3 0 H ^ ^ H C 0 0 C f , H 5 (9) H C O O C ^ H j + H , 0 - > H C O O H + C(^H50H (10) H C O O H + C H = C H - > H C O O C H = CH2 ) C H X H O xo' (• (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) '"'I'" >CH3CQOH + H 2 0 C H , = C H - C l + N a O H - ^ ^ C H 3 C H O + NaCl CH.CHO^lo, '-"^ )(CH3C0), + HjO )CH3COOH C H 3 C H O + H2 — ^ C H 3 C H 2 0 H C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 CH3COQH ''^'"^ I '"^"^f"'" > C H 3 C 0 Q H + >CH3CH20H CH3COOH + C H 3 C H 2 0 H ^ = ^ = ^ ^ = = ^ C H 3 C O O C H 3 C H 2 + +HCOOH 93 Hirong dan giai Bai 26. Hoan thanh chuoi bien hoa sau, biet A , B, C, D , E, F, G la cac hidrocacbon; A:C2H3C1 (31 CSH^ONa (1) D : C2H5OH B:CH3CHO C H = C H + HC1 E: C H 3 C O O H f —>CH.=CH~Cl ' ji 1 I2(r-is(rc (Ifi) C4H6O: (2) Polime Y Poliinc X C H ^ C H + H.O >CH,CHO ^ x()"c H, / ^ (3) Hxrofng dan giai CH2 = C H - C l + N a O H - ^ % C H 3 C H O + N a C l (4) C2II7O2N CH3CHO + i o , '^^^3f^""'2Mn ,cHXOOH (1) CH3CHO + 2AgN03 + 3NH3 + H 2 O — ^ C H j C O O N H ^ + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 (5) CH.COONH^ + NaOH ^ ^ C H ^ C O O N a + N H , + H j O (6) C H 3 C H 2 O H + O2 (3) 2CH3COONa + H^SO^ — ^ 2 C H 3 C O O H + Na2S04 (7) CH3COOH (4) CHXHO +- 0 , 2 ^ (8) CH3COOH + C H 3 C H 2 0 H ^ ' " - > - > ^ C H 3 C H O + H2 ^ J f - > C H 3 C H 2 0 H (2) '| 1 „ (CH3rO()hMn ^CH3C00H (5) CH3COOH + NaOH (6) (7) |^ >ii )CH3CH20H - C H 3 C O O C H 3 C H 2 + H2O C H 3 C O O H + C H = C H ^ C H 3 C O O C H = CH2 (8) >CH3COOH CH3COONH4 + H C l — ^ C H 3 C 0 0 H + NH4CI C H 3 C O O C H = CH2 + N a O H — ^ C H 3 C O O N a + CH3CHO (9) nH2C=CH > C H 3 C 0 0 N a + H^O ''^'"-t '"^'\f""' / l".l'.Xl 00CCH3 (10) I A -H2C—CH OOCCHa/^ + nNaOH — H2C—CH / -H2C \ OOCCHs/^ Bai 28. Viet P T H H ciia phan irng theo so d6 : Huo'ng dan giai 1. C2H2 + H C I 2. CH2=CHCI CH - V - + nCHjOONa 4. C2H2 + H2 5. C2H4 Bai 27. Xac djnh cac chat hCru ca A, B , D , E va viet phirong trinh hoa hpc cua cac (5) - CH3-CH2-CI + N a O H - > C H 3 - C H 2 - O H + NaCl - > C2H4 + H2O - > C2H5OH D 6. C2H2 + 2 H 2 C2H6 7. C2H6 : phan urng xay ra : C2H2^ CH2=CHCI + H2 ^ 3. C H 3 - C H 2 - C I OH ^ CH3-CH2-CI +CI2 ^ 8. C H 3 - C H 2 - C i + NaOH ^ + HCI C H 3 - C H 2 - O H + NaCl CH3COOC2H5 94 95 Bai 29. Viet PTHH cua piian ung theo sa do : 1 A >J > B 6. C2H2 7. C H 3 C H O 4 I C.HsOH C4H10 7 5 -> I 31. Viet PTHH cua phan ling dieu che'etanol trong c6ng nghiep. Hudng dan giai Hidrat hoa etilen (xiic tac H2SO4 hoac H3PO4) : "?S"4"'''"c )CH3 - C H 2 - OH "3P04-^"<'"<^ ) C:H,C1 + HOH Tinh b6t 6. C 4 H 8 > C.HsOH +NaCi C4HS > - OH + H, ) 2 C 2 H g O H + 2CO2 t C H2 - ^ ' H2, ^ "H , 0 , =C ' + 2 ^ ' > CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H 2 O + H2 Bai 30. Vict PTHH cua phan I'lng tiieo so do : -I ^ ^ B Xt.l".p ^>CH3CH20H i 32. TCr xenluloza va cac hoa chat can thiet hay dieu che : Etilen, diclo etan, etyl axetat. Hirdng dan giai lenmenru^u > 2 C 2 H 3 O H + 2 C O 2 C^H.^O, > C 7 1 CH3CHO C4H10 'ft Hidrat hoa etilen : ^""'^'"^ > C 4 H . + H2 7. 2 C 2 H 5 O H _ glucozo + HCI qH,20^ 5. C4H,o ' (C.H,„05)^+nH30^=HIUnC,H,20, > C2H6 4. C.HsCI + NaOH C2H5OH Ltn men rirou : ^""'^'"'^ > C:H. + C,H4 3. C,Fi, + CI, - i ^ Ni,t' + H2 C H 2 = CHj Htro'ng dan giai 2. C2H4 + H, CH3CHO ) C H 2 = C H 2 + HOH > Y C4H,o + H2O 6 4 C H OH-^l2^54i_>C,H, + H,0 2 5 |^„o C2H4+C12 2 4 2 ->C2H,Cl2 C,H,0H + 0, )CH,COOH + H , 0 > t ^ > Y Hirong dan giai 1. C4H,„ 2. C 2 H , ^""^''"'^ > C2H„ + C2H4 ^'^"^""^ ) C2H4 + H2 3. C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH 4. C4H10 96 ""•'•^"""^ ) t" i 33. TCr C, H2 va cac hoa chat can thiet, hay dieu che : CeHsNOj, ancol etylic. Hirong dan giai C4-2H2 2CH4 ^••^"""^ ) C H , '5'H)"C.C ^^^^^ ^ 3j^^ "'"^""^ > C,H, + CH4 5. 2 C H 4 C 2 H 5 O H + CH3COOH^i=±===>CH3COOC2H5 + H 2 O C2H2 + 3 H2 )7 C^H^ + HNO3 C2H2 + H^O H2S()4J ^Qy^^^Q^ "«'^"4'^""c ^ p^^Q b) Q H s O H (H2S04,,,,, dun nong nhe). a) N a d u . c) Dung dich BaCOH),. d) Dung dich K H C O , . Hiro'ng dan giai )CH3CHO a) C H , - C H ( O H ) - C O O H + 2Na - > CH3-CH(ONa)-COONa + H , Ni.l' CH^CHO + H , H2S04d ^ C H 3 C H ( O H ) C O O C , H 5 + H^O b) CH,CH(OH)COOH + aH,OH Bai 34. V i ^ t cac phirong trinh phan irng theo sadd r A(khn Lam loiih tihaiih »B — - C — * D — E — CH3COOC2H5 c) 2 C H , - C H ( O H ) - C O O H + B a ( O H ) , ^ (CH3-CH(OH)-COO)2Ba + 2H2O d) C H , - C H ( O H ) - C O O H + KHCO,->- C H 3 - C H ( O H ) - C O O K + H , 0 + C O j t Bai 37. Viet cac phirong trinh hoa hoc theo sod6 sau : CH,COONa^^ 3 t"C sau : GiO + H2O T i n h hot ^ X ( r a n ) — ^ Y(khO ^^ men ri/gu ^ g +0, +NaOH mengiam ddaxil.t" +NaOH.t° ^ CaO.t" Hiro-ng dan giai askt 1. CH,COONa + NaOH I5(X)"C 2. 2CH4 ^'f > CH, + lam luiih iihanh CH^ + Na.CO., Hu-oTig dan giai 3H, axilJ" (QH,„0,)„ + nH,0 •> nQH.^O, (A) QH, 4. C,H4 + 5. C H , O H + O: 6. CH,COOH + 7. Na.CO, + H:0 A 2 Q H , O H + 2CO, — (B) > CH,CH,OH > CH,COOH + QH5OH 2HC1 :F C H , O H + O, H,0 -> CH3COOH + H , 0 (D) H,S() 2NaCI + CH^COOCH, + CO, + H,0 > CH3COONa + H , 0 CH3COOH + N a O H (E) H,0 Bai 35. Viet P T H H ciia phan irng theo so d6 sau : CHjCOONa + N a O H (G) . QH,,Br CH4 + CU CaC CH4t + NaoCOj aski >CH3C1 + H a (H) Hirong dan giai CaC + 2H:0 - ^ C H , + Ca(OH), Bai 38. Neu hidn tuong, vie't phirong trinh phan irng xay ra trong cdc trirotig hop sau: a) Nho dung dich andehit axetic vao h6n hop dung djch AgN03/NH3. b) Cho dung djch NH3 d u vao dung dich ZnCK. 3 C : H , _ ^ QH, QH, + 3H, QHe + Br, c) Nho NH3 du vao dung dich FeClj. >QH„ F^''" > Q H , B r + HBr Bai 36. Biet axit lactic c6 c6ng thuc ca'u tao: CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. Hay viet phircmg trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan u-ng xay ra khi cho axit lactic Idn luot tac dung vdri cac chat : 98 , d) Cho glixerol vao Cu(OH):. Hvo'ng dan giai [a. Xuat hien ket tua trdng bac. C H , C H O + 2AgN03 + 2 N H 3 ^ CH3COONH4 + 2 A g + NH4NO3 b. Xuat hien k6t tiia keo trSng, sau do ket tiJa tan. , j Z n C l , + 2NH3 + 2 H , 0 - Z n ( O H ) 3 + 2NH4CI Z n ( O H ) : + NH,^ lZn(NH3)4](OH)2 99 •Sam criudipnan ihif> h,ia hoc iiiiu cir- rvguym xuan itifimg^ Hirdng dan giai c. Xua't hien ket tiia mau nSu do FeCl, + 3NH3 + 3 H 2 O -Fe(OH)3 + * 3NH4CI Cac chat c^n tim : A,: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH, d. Cu(OH)2 tan tao thanh dung djch mau xanh lam A,: C H 3 - C H = C H 2 ••>••• ,MD it:. C3H5(OH)3 + C u ( O H ) 2 - » [C3H50(OH)2]2Cu + H j O Bai 39. Cho cac chat sau: QH5OH, Q H j O H , CH3COOH, Q H j O N a , A 3 : CfiHs-CHCCHj), (cumen) CzHjONa A4: CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 nhOng cap chat nao phan ung duoc v6\? Viet P T H H ciia phan ung. Hirong dan giai CH3COOH + Q H j O H A,: CH3-CO-CH3 * Cac phan utig: C2H,COOCH3 + H 2 O CH3COOH + Q H , O N a CH3COOH + Q H j O N a CH3COONa + Q H j O H QH,OH + CH,ONa J CH3COONa + Q H 5 O H CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 (Al) Crackinh . CH3-CH=CH2 + C H 4 (A2) CH(CH3)2 QH^ONa + Q H j O H 2 C H 3 C O O H + NajCOj ->2CH3COOC2H5 Q H 5 O H + Na,C03 - > Q H j O N a + NaHCOj Bai 40. Hoan thanh phuong trinh theo day bien hoa sau CH4 -^CjHsOH- -^CHgCHO- + CH3-CO-CH3 (A5) -^CHgCOOH H+ A g 2 C 2 ^ - ^ C 2 H 2 — ^ C .6 " 6 H 4. CH3-CH=CH2 5. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 ( A 4 ) + H2O Hurang dan giai 1. 2 C H . lln,15()0'^C 2. C 2 H 2 + H2 CH3-CO-CH3 I/2O2 (A5) ->C2H2 + 3 H 2 Bai 42. Viet cac phuong trinh h6a hoc thuc hidn chuy^n hoa sau (bife't A , B, C, D la '^^^'^"'""^'^ > C 2 H , 3. C 2 H 4 + H 2 O - cac san phdm chinh): KOH/ancol 2-brom-2-metylbutan ->C2H50H H;S04 daC. 170"C 4. C 2 H 5 O H + CUO- +H2O ^ ^ C1;.H;0 "'""''-^ >B > C If' ^ j-^ ^CH3CHO + Cu + H 2 0 Hiro-ng dan giai 5. C H 3 C H O + I / 2 O 2 >CH3C00H 6. C 2 H 2 + 2AgN03 + 2 N H 3 Cac chat: A : (CH3)2C=CH-CH3, B: (CH3)2C(OS03H)-CH2-CH3 C: (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2-CH3 va D : (CH3)2C(0H)-CHC1-CH3 > A g 2 C 2 + 2NH4NO3 ^ (CH3)2C(Br)-CH2-CH3 + K O H 7. A g 2 C 2 + 2 H C 1 8. 3 C 2 H 2 >C2H2 + 2 A g C l (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + H O S O 3 H (dac) C,6<)()*^C (CH3)2C(OS03H)-CH2-CH, + H2O Bai 41. Tim cac chat thich hop ling vdi cac ky hidu A,, A j , A 3 , A 4 , A , trong so d6 sau va hoan thanh cac phuong trinh phan irng dudi dang c6ng thiic ca'u tao. +Benzen/Ff|_^ A 3 Crackinh CnH2n+2 Ai(khi) ^ A2 A4 (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2-CH3 > (CH3)2C(OS03H)-CH2-CH3 > (CH3)2C(OH)-CH2-CH3 + H2SO4 "^'"-""•"""'^ (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + H2O + CI2 > (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + H20 > (CH3)2C(0H)-CHC1-CH3 + H C l +02x1 (3) (2) (4) +H20/H^ (CH3)2C=CH-CH3 + K B r + H j O A5 (C3H6O) Bai 43. Viet tat ca cac dong phan ca'u tao ihig vdi c6ng thiic phan t i i C j H s O . Hiro'ng dan giai CH,=CH-CH,OH CH,=CH-0CH3 CH3-CH2-CHO 101 CH3COCH, c. Di nitro hoa A cdn phai bao ve nhom andehit bang ( C H , C 0 ) 2 0 A OH -0 (CH,C0)20 -CH(OCOCH3)2 -CHO Bai 44. Sau khi x i i h' h6n hap loi ng6 hoac v6 trSu c6 chiia pentozan (C5H804)„ vol Thuc hien phan ting nitro hoa. sau do thuy phan de phuc h6i nhom -CHO dung djch axit clohidric 12% r6i tid'n hanh chung cat, nhan duoc chat long A (C5H4O2) mau vang c6 miii thcrni. Cho A phan ting v6i K O H r6i axit hoa thl nhan diroc B (C,H403) C (QH^O,). /' ) V-CH(OCOCH,)2"' O2 O a. Viet phuomg trinh phan ting thuy phan pentozan tao thanh A va c6ng thiic ciia A, B,C. .O H2N-N- O NH (I) 1 1 O CHO (II) + HjN-N-Y^ ^ / ^ \ NH dung vdi: ( I ) ; (11). duoc tach ra tir qua danh danh. Thuy phan HOH2C -CHO O2 O o ^ N H NH COOCH, d. ViS't phuong trinh phan utng ciia D tac (hinh ben) la m6t hop chat »• 02f^X^V-CH=N-N-Y^ C NH O' nhan duoc D (C,HiN04). Geniposit HO Phan ling cua D vori I va I I c. Hay trinh bay didu ki6n nitro hoa A d^ + - ^ 0 2 : D b. Vid't phuong trinh phan irng cua B tac dung voi C khi CO xuc tac axit. H(OCOCH3)2 II + Phan ling thuy phan geniposit thu duoc genipin va D-glucozo o geniposit sinh ra hai san ph^m la genipin H O ^ O va D-glucozo. Genipin tham gia phan umg HO^N^CHaOH OH tao mau vdi gelatin (day la c o so de phat ;oocH3 OH hien da'u van tay trong ky thuat hinh su). HOH2C Hay viet so do phan ling tao genipin v^ phan ling cua genipin vdi m6t aminoaxit d^ giai thich hi6n tuong tren f Trong loi ng6 va v6 tra'u c6 chiia pentozan,khi dun nong vdi dung djch HCl 12% CH7OH chuyen thanh pentozo roi tach nucic cho fufurol (C5H804)n HCl 12% Gelatin (c6 trong da) ca'u tao tir cac polipeptit, la'y dai dien la m6t aminoaxit nhu «^H0H)3 CHO b. O CH2OH D C COOK -COOH .0 glyxin, ta c6 phuong trinh: A(C5H402) CH2OH c OH HOH2' Hudng dkn giai COOK O' CH20H -COOCH2 (;:oocH3 H2N-CH2-C00H H0H2C -COOH B / 1 / :oocH3 o OH N-CH2'COOH H0H2C • — O H san ph^m c6 mau de phat hien da'u van tay trong ky thuat hinh su. ^ Bai 45. Co cac chat long A , B, C, D, E. Chat nao la benzen, ancol etylic, axit axetic, dung djch glucozo, nude. Biet kfi't qua cua nhffng thi nghifim nhu sau: - Cho tac dung vdi Na thl A , B, C, D c6 khi bay ra; E kh6ng phan ling. - Cho tac dung v6i CaCO, thi A, B, C, E kh6ng phan irng, D c6 khi bay ra. Cho iSn lirot 2 dung djch nhom B vac dung djch X. - Cho tac dung vdi dung djch A g N O ^ N H , thi A , C, D , E bac khong xua't hien; B + Lam mat mau h6ng la C H , C O O H va duac dung djchY CO bac xua't hi6n. + Kh6ng hidn tirong la C2H5OH. - D6't trong kh6ng khi thi A , E chay de dang. D c6 chay, B, C kh6ng chay. * Xac djnh A , B, C, D , E va viet cac phuong trinh phan irng hoa hoc theo cac k€t Cho \in luot 2 dung djch nhom A vao dung djch Y. + Hiring dan giai Dung djch lam Y chuyen thanh mau do trcr lai la N a O H . + qua thi nghidm trdn. Kh6ng hien tupng la PP. Bai 48. Co h6n hop 3 chat hOu co : C^H^; C2H5OH ; C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 , n&u phuong Tircac ka't qua xac djnh diroc A:C2H50H; B: dung djch glucozoCQHi^Og); C phap tach ridng tirng chat, vid't PTHH ciia cac phan urng xay ra. •.H.O ; D : C H , C O O H ; E : QH,(benzen) 2C2H50H + 2Na > 2 H , 0 + 2Na > 2C2H,ONa 2NaOH 2CH3COOH + 2Na 2CH,COOH + CaCOj phSn dung djch C2H5OH trong nuoc dem chimg cat r6i lam kh6 bang CUSO4 + H, khan thu diroc C , H , O H . + H^.O + C O , * CH3COOH + 20, > 2C6H, + 150, > + 2CO2 12CO, CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH 3H.0 * + 2H2O ling hoa este thu dupe CH,COOC2H5. C H 3 C O O H + C2H5OH ^ Hirdng dSn giai aBr:-> C„H,,„2.,,Br,, Cn,H2„^.2.2b + y saccarozo va glucozo. bBr, -> Hirdfng dkn giai C„H2„+2-2bB''2b ay C„H2„^2.2a + ^ " ^ ^ ^ " ^ O 2 X La'y tirng mhu dung djch vao m6i 6'ng nghidm, thiir bang c6n iot c6 mau xanh, nhan ra dung djch tinh bpt. - > nCOj + (n + 1 - a)H20 Cho Ag20/NH3 vao 3 ong nghidm con lai, neu c6 trang bac la glucozo: nx C,H,20, + Ag20 Cn.H2^.2-2b + " ^ " ^ ^ ^ " ^ 0 2 y mC02+(m+l-ajHjO djch N a O H vao trung hoa axit r6i cho Ag20/NH3 vao, 6'ng nghifim nao \iy ra my hien tupng trang bac la sacarozo: C,2H220,, + H 2 O hoc hay phan biet bd'n dung djch khong mau dirng trong bdn lo bj mat nhan : QH,206 + Ag20 axit axetic, ancol etylic, natri hidroxit, phenolphtalein. H i r a n g dan giai 1f\A Hai dung djch con lai la C H , C O O H va C2H5OH (nhom B) ^ ddNH,,t" 2C,H,20, -> C , H , 2 0 , + 2 A g l Bai 50. Papaverin la ancaloit dupe tach tir nhua v6 qua cay thuoc phien, c6 tac Hai dung djch nao do vao nhau chuyen thanh mau do dung gian mach nen dupe diing d^ chua benh co that dai trang, mach mau. (dd nay la X ) la PP va NaOH (nhom A ) . + Axil MSu thir con la ancol etylic. Tr6n ISn cac mSu dung djch tirng doi mot + > C,H,20, + 2 A g i Hai mSu thir con lai, cho H2SO4 loang va va dun nong, sau do cho ft gipt dung Bai 47. Kh6ng dung thu6'c thix va kh6ng dirc«c dun nong. Bang phuong phap hoa * ± CH3COOC2H5 + H 2 O . Bai 49. Trinh bay phuong phap phan h'ltt 4 dung djch: Ancol etylic, tinh b6t, ax X Con lai la dung djch CH3-COONa va C2H5OH dem chung cat la'y Q H j O H roi ling voi H2SO4 dac thu dugc C H , C O O H r6i cho phan ling v6i C 2 H 5 O H theo phan ling vofi brom va phan ling chay. + > CHj-COONa + C2H5OH. lam kho bang CUSO4 khan. Co can dung djch la'y C H 3 C O O N a khan r6i cho phan +6H2O Bai 46. Dung c6ng thirc t6ng quat nhat cua hidrocacbon di viet P T H H cua phan CnH,„,2.,, H6n hop Ce,H, va C H 3 C O O C 2 H , cho vao dung djch NaOH la'y d u C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 tan theo phan ung xa phong hoa, Chiet la'y C^H^ . ) C , H , , 0 , + 2Ag > 2CO, giai Cho h6n hop vao luong nude du, C2H5OH tan trong nu6c, h6n hop C^Hs; C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 , khong tan phan Idfp. Chiet la'y h6n hop CfeH^ ; C H 3 C O O C 2 H 5 + H, > (CH.COO^Ca C,H,A+Ag:0 QHsOH + 30, Huong din * + H, > 2CH3COONa ' * ''^' i Papaverin (G) co the dupe tong hpp theo so do sau: 105 3lff ad chudiphan umg hda hpc Hihi cff - NguySn XuSn CHXI M,. N i , t " Trir&ng CHX-OCI ^ 1 H,0 + OCH, CH,CH,NH, •B + OCH PCI, Pd,t" OCH, —G CH,0^ OCH, OCH3 T NH OCH3 OCH, /OCH, _J-X 0 = < OCH3 XH,—<^ Hay viet phirang trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan irng theo so do tren. Hiro'iig d a n giai * Cac phirong trinh phan I'rng hoa hoc: CHjCl CHjCN + KCN + OCH, -I KCI (F) €H, OCH. OCH, ,OCH, (A) CH,CN CH3O CH2CH2NH2 + 2H, ^^OCH, OCH, C H , — ^ Ni, t " Bai 5 1 . Ephedrin (G) la inpt hoat chat diing lam thuoc chira b$nh \h ho hap dugc OCH, OCH, \—OCF^ (G) OCH, chiet tir cay ma hoang. Ephedrin da dirge tong hgp theo so d6 sau: OCH3 (B) CH.CN OCH, C H , — ^ ,OCH, C6H6. CO,HCI/AICI a) Viet cong thuc can tao cua D, E, F va G trong so do tren. CH,COOH b) Viet CO che phan urng cua cac giai doan tao thanh D va E. c) D i tir benzen, axit propanoic va cac tac nhan can thiet khac, hay dua ra mgt so do tong hgp ephedrin. CH. OCH, OCH, (De thi HSG Quoc Gia) OCH, Hiro-ng d a n giai (C) CH,COOH So do tong hgp Ephedrin: OH CHXOCI HO + PCI. + OCH OCH POCI3 + OH H,/Ni HCI OCH. OCH. NO, H—CH—CH, (D) (E) NH, OH "H—CH—CH, 0 NHCH, H—CH—CH, CH,Br (F) (G) I) Co che phan ung tao thanh D: Phan ung the eletrophin vao nhan thorn (SE) (D) CO + H CI -CI—CH=0; AlCI, 0 = C — H AICI4 107 Saao chudiphan irng hoa hoc Him cliiiii liiii,' liiiti hoc llini Bai a IrirOng V!,./n <••/ ) Hay de nghj mot qua trinh tong hgp cac chat A , B tir axetilen va cac tac nhan v6 54. Cho so d6 phan irng sau: - B. (2) CO, huu CO khac. 1 CH.MgBr O) CHjCOCHj- (>) b) Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan I'mg theo so d6 tren. 2 H,0* Hirong dan giai (6) _ j, , ••St-: • ,• a) So do tong hgp A . B: ' (4) C11=(H '^".1" ^'^< : etiienoxit CH3CM,C=CCH,CH,0II < H,0 H , . Pd/Lindlar b) Viet phirong trinh hoa hoc. CH,CH, {De MSG hod 11 --tp. Da Ndng) CI1,CI1,()H FCC- I Hu-ong dan giai (A) (B) CH,- - C H — C H , CH,CHBiCH, CH,CHOHCH, (A) 6 CH,CH=CH2 CH^O+CH^ CH=CH C H = C N a CHXH=CH, (3) CH3CHOHCH3+ + KOH CH3CH,C=CH + CH3CHOHCH3+ (5; + D 1 o. 1 CII,MgHr (6) CH3COCH3 " CH, CH, ^ NaBr + NH3 CHjCH^C^CNa + H, O H,0 CH3CH,C=CCH2CH,ONa CH3CH,C=CCH,CH,OH II,, Pd l.indlar I Bai CH,CH,C^CCH,CH,OH CH3COCH3 CH, C H 3 - C - O H + NaOH .CH,CH,OH 'N / - - • H \ (A) CH,CH, 2\ CH,CH,OH I'CC (-•H,CI, H' OH : II + + CH,CH + Cu + CH3—CH—CH3 CH,CH,C^CH + NaNH, CH,CH,C=CCH,CH,ONa KBr 6 CH3-CH=CH2 NH, Nii.d) CH3—CH—CH3 (4) + -fHBr CH3COCH3 CuO ••CH=CNa CHXH,Br CH3CH.C=CNa 11,0 (2) C H , C H B r C H , NaNH, 4 CH3 b) Cac phuong trinh hoa hoc: (1) CH,CHBrCH, + CHj-C-OH (E) (D) (C) (B) ' b ) Cac phuong trinh phan ung: CH3CH,^ ^CH,CHO 56. Hgp chat 2,2,4-triinetylpentan ( A ) dugc san xuat vcri quy mo Ion bang (B) phuong phap tong hgp xuc tac tir C 4 H 8 ( X ) voi C 4 H „ i ( Y ) . A cung c6 thd dugc dieu che tir X theo hai budc: thi'r nhat, khi c6 xuc tac axit v6 co, X tao thanh Z va Q; thir hai, hidro hoa 0 va Z. ) Viet cac phuong trinh phan img de minh hoa va cho biet ten cac hgp chat X, Y , Z, 0 CH3 Bai 55. D6ng phan m-hex-3-en-l-ol ( A ) tao mui thorn cho la xanh cay c6 con ddng phan c/.v-iiex-3-en-1 -al (B) la mot trong cac chat tao mui cho ca chua chin. tlieo danh phap lUPAC. Viet CO che phan ung de giai thich sir tao thanh A tir X va Y , s^r t^o thanh Z va O tir X . S0 ad chubi phdn Ifjfj Hiro-ng d a n giai H3C—C = a) Cac phuong trinh phan ung xay ra: CH, CH, H3C—C = CH2 CH3 I + H — C — C H , H' H3C — C — C t",p H CH, 2-metylpropen ( X ) H3C—C —CH3 CH, CH, — C — C H , H CH3 CHj H3C—C —CH3 (A) 2-metylpropan ( Y ) CH, H CH3 H CH2 + H ^ + H3C—C = CH, CH, CH3 H I CH3 H3C — C — C = C — C H 3 •3^ iv y y I CH, H CH, - H -CH, + H, CH, I I CH, I H3C — C — C = C—CH3 (Q) \iA 57. Tir hgp chat ban dan la toluen, xilen va cac chat v 6 ca can thiet, hay de ' CH, H H,C — C — C — I I I CH, H H3C — C — C = C — C H , H CH3 H ...3 (Z) CH, CH, H H CH, nghj each tong hgp chat ( A ) sau : C—CH, CH, CH, -CH, + H2 H i r a n g d a n giai CH, Cac phirang trinh phan ung tong hgp chat A ; b) - C a ch£ phan irng giai thich sir tao thanh A tir X va Y : H3C—C = I CH, CH, H r H3C — C — C — C = C H 2 H H,C—C — C 2,4,4-trimetyIpent-2-en ( Q CH, H3C — CH3 CH, I I CH, I I I • C — C — C = CH, I I " — — C H , CH3 H CH3 CH, H CH, H "3C —C —C 2,4,4-trimetylpent-1 -en (? H * CH, H CH, CH3 H.C — C — C — C = 2H3C—C=CHj H I ' I CH2 H3C—C —CH3 + H CH3- -CH, [O] -COOH HOOC- CH, CH3 H,C — ' C—CH, T + ' CH3 H3C — C= CH3 H HOOC- -COOH + 2S0C^ •CIOC- - C O C l + 2SO2 + 2HC C—CH, CH3 CH3 ClOC- co- - C O C I - ^ C H , - -co- -CH, CH3 H H3C—C—C—C—04, - H3C — C — C — I CH, H CH,H CH2 H CH3 + H 3 C — a t - K > l 3 - * H 3 C — C — C — C H — C H j +H3C—C—oi-. CH3 CH3H (A) C a che phan ijng giai thi'ch sir tao thanh Z v a Q tir X : CH, CH, CH3- -co- -co- •CH, (A) B a i 58. Viet phirang trinh phan ung tong hgp 3-mety!pentan-!-oI nha hgp chat ca magie, xuat phat tir etanol (chat v 6 ca va dieu kien phan ung c 6 du). in Sa do cituoi plum lint; hoii hue HOru ca - Nguyin Xu&n Tru&ng C(y TNHHMTVDVVH H u o n g dan giai * Khang Vi?t o C a c phircmg t r i n h phan u n g t o n g h g p 3 - m e t y l p e n t a n - l - o l : C2H5OH + C u O C2H3OH CH3CHO + C u + CH,= CH, + 170f H p HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH up HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH + 2 aoc-(CH2)4-coci + 2sq, 2SOC| C10C-(CH,)4-C0C1 + J_ 2NH3 H2NCO-(CH2)4-CONH2 + 2 H C 1 H,NCO-(CH2)4-CONH2 + 2Br, + 8NaOH C2H5OH + H B r C,H,Br CjHjBr + + Mg CjHjMgBr + > H 2O Bai * + C"3COOH^^^^?^CH3COOAg •C.Hj—CHOH+ H,0 ' • Cac p h u a n g t r i n h t o n g h g p f o m a n d e h i t : CH, C2H5—CHOMgBr 60. T r o n g p h o n g t h i n g h i e m c 6 a x i t axetic, hay t o n g h g p f o m a n d e h i t tir chat H i r 6 i i g d a n giai C2H5—CHOMgBr CH3CHO ^H2N-(CH2)4-NH2 + 4 N a B r + 2N^C03 + ^ H j O nay (cac chat v 6 c a v a t h i e t bj t h i n g h i e m c 6 d u ) . C,H,MgBr •'2^5 + 2HC MgBr(OH) CH^COOAg + as Br^ CH3Br + CO2 + AgBr CH, CH, C2H5 — C H O H I C,H,—CHBr 2 5 + HBr + CHjBr CH, CH, C2H3—CHBr + Mg "'^"""'^ C.H,—CHMgBr Bai NaOH—^CH30H + y O ^ + NaBr ^"-""^ H C H O + H . O 6 1 . Pha c h ^ t h u o c c h u a benh v i e m h o n g loai nhe t r o n g g i a d i n h theo each d o n g i a n sau: C h o n u a c soi v a o coc c h u a N a H C O j r o i c h o t h e m d u n g d j c h c o n l o t CH3 CH, + CH3OH H , 0 va iSc len, de n g u o i b a t se d u g c c o c thuoc de x u c h o n g . H a y v i e t cac p h u o n g t r i n h phan u n g x a y ra v a neu nhOng dau h i f u be ngoai de C2H5—CHCH^CHpMgBr C2H5—CHMgBr H i r d n g d a n giai CH, CH, C.H,—CHCH^CH.OMgBr - + Hp C ^ H ^ — C H C H ^ C H . O H 59. Tir xiclohexanol v a cac chat v 6 c a c a n t h i e t khac, h a y t o n g h g p H u o ' n g d a n giai C a c p h u a n g t r i n h phan urng t o n g h g p 1,4-diaminobutan: OH O O, xt, f, p CO,^' 2HCO3- + m + HjO (1) nuoc nong —'3 1 , 4 - d i a m i n o b u t a n ( m o t m o n o m e d u n g de t o n g h g p n i l o n - 4,6). * + MgBr(OH) K h i c h o n u o c soi v a o c o c c h u a N a H C O v CH, C H•3 , Bai nhan ra m o t so phan u n g . CO3"" lam cho dung djch c6 tinh kiem: CO3'" + H , 0 = f c HCO,- + O H • C h o t h e m d u n g d j c h c o n iot v a lac len: CHjCH^OH CH3CHO + + ^ CH3CHO + + OH 2HI •CHI,) + HCOO- + 3HI (2) (3) (4) C H I 3 CO t i n h di?t k h u a n nen c 6 the chOa b f n h v i e m h g n g loai nh?. N h a n ra phan u n g ( 1 ) d o c 6 bpt k h i , phan u n g ( 2 ) d o con i o t m a t m a u v a n h a n ra phan ( 3 ) d o c 6 ket tua m a u v a n g . Scr aS chuSl phdn itng h6a kpc HOru ca - Nguyln XuAn Trir&ng (CH3CH,),CBrCH,D + Mg ^^^^khan, (CH3CH,),CCH,D I Bai 62. Tir etylclorua, hay \\ki phirang trinh phan irng tong hgp metan (cac chat MgBr v6 ca va dieu ki^n phan ung c6 du). Hiro'ng dan giai (CH3CH,),CCH,D + * Cac phirang trinh phan irng tong hgp metan: C2H5CI + NaOH • (CH3CH2)2CTCH2D + MgBr(OT) T,0 MgBr ^" * C2H5OH + NaCl ...y b) T6ng hgp CfiH^D: ete khan C2H5OH + CuO CH3CHO + y * CH3CHO + Cu + H C , H , B r + Mg ^ C .6H5 M g B r " .' C^H,D + MgBr(OD) C^H5MgBr + CH3COOH CH3COOH + NaOH CHjCOONa + H , 0 CH3COONa + NaOH D,0 C6H5D cung O, the tong hgp bang phan urng sau: CO ^CfeHjD + H D S O 4 C^H, + D.SO^ c) Tong hgp CfiDi:: ^'""•'"> CH, + Na3C03 CaC^ Bai 63. Hay tong hgp CH, "COOH va CH, "COOCHDCH, tir cac chat v6 ca va hiJu ca (khong chua dong vj). 600'C 3C,D, Hirong dan giai i^Cp^ + + 2D,0 * Tong hgp CH, "COOH : Ca(0D)2 n h Ni.t' Bai 65. Tir AI4C3, C a C , va cac chat v6 ca khac (khong chua C), hay viet phuang CHjBr + Mg trinh phan urng dieu che chat (A) sau: CHjMgBr CHjMgBr + " C O , CH3't00MgBr + CHj'cOOMgBr + H ,0 — ^ CHj'fcoOH + MgBr(OH) O—D * T6ng hgp C H , "COOCHDCH,: 4CH3CHO + LiAIQ + 4 H , 0 4CH3CHDOH (Trong do: C* la dong vj ""C, D la dong vj ^H). + LiOH+ A 1 ( 0 H | Hiro'ng dan giai H,SO,d CH3COOH + CH3CHDOH CH3 COOCHDCH3 + * Cac phuang trinh phan irng dieu che chSt A: H,0 i h\C^ + \2Hp ^ 3CH4 + 4A1(0H^ Bai 64. Tir chat v6 ca va chat hiJu ca (khong chura dong vi), hay tong hgp: 2CH a) (CH3CH2)2CTCH2D b) C6H5D C)C6D,2 150()°C ^ Lam l4iih iilianh •C.H, + 3H2 3C,H2 (Trongdo: D l a •H,Tla 'H) 600 C Hirong dan giai a) Tong hgp (CH,CH2)2CTCH2D: (CH3CH3),C=CH, + DBr ^ (CH3CH2)2CBrCH2D 117